Mock Exam Part 2, #61-75 Flashcards
Ovarian cysts that are :
______
______
______
are generally observed and typically resolve within 2 menstrual cycles
- under 8 cm
- unilocular
- unilateral
Cysts that are:
are worrisome for neoplasm, dermoid cysts, or endometriomas
large (>8 cm)
solid
multiloculated
- an ovarian germ cell neoplasm that presents as a multicystic mass that contains various types of tissue including fat, skin, hair, and teeth
- occur between age 10 and 30 years
dermoid cyst
midcycle pain at the time of ovulation caused by normal follicular enlargement prior to ovulation or follicular bleeding at ovulation. Pain is usually mild and lasts a few hours up to a few days.
Mittelschmerz
Postmenopausal bleeding is any bleeding that occurs ___________ after cessation of menstruation.
>12 months
Amenorrhea is bleeding that is absent for
>6 months
Abnormal uterine bleeding is bleeding that is abnormal in regularity, volume, frequency, or duration. Bleeding may be acute or chronic and is present for ___________
at least 6 months
Prolonged menstrual bleeding are menstrual periods that exceed ____________ duration on a regular basis.
8 days
General management for Massive or Life-Threatening Bleeding
Conjugated equine estrogen (Premarin) 25 milligrams IV every 4–6 hours until bleeding diminishes/stops
and
Tranexamic acid
General management for Hemodynamically Stable or Ovulatory Dysfunction AUB
Combined OCP contains ≤35 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 20 milligrams PO 3 times a day for 7 days
Or
Once daily for 10 days
- Naproxen 500 milligrams twice a day
- ibuprofen 400 milligrams every 6 hours
- mefenamic acid, 500 milligrams 3 times daily for 4–5 days or until bleeding stops
Adolescent Causes of Bleeding
- Anovulation (hypothalamic- pituitary-ovarian immaturity)
- Pregnancy
- Exogenous hormones or OCP
- Coagulopathy
- Pelvic infections
Postmenopausal Causes of Bleeding
- Atrophic vaginitis (30%)
- Exogenous hormone use (30%)
- Endometrial lesions, including cancer (30%)
- Other tumor—vulvar, vaginal, cervical (10%)
Painful grouped vesicles on an erythematous base, with clear discharge located on the distal finger or hand
Herpetic whitlow
1 week of valacyclovir, 1 gram orally twice a day
new emerging disease and the *third most common chronic mycobacterial infection in humans after tuberculosis and leprosy
- rapidly growing caused by the acid-fast bacillus, Mycobacterium ulcerans
Buruli ulcer
best method for early diagnosis of Buruli ulcer
Polymerase chain reaction PCR performed on a fresh biopsy is the
Buruli ulcer
Treatment and Prognosis
Without treatment , ulcers may spontaneously heal within 6 to 9 months, or they may spread rapidly, causing extensive deformity
WHO: rifampin and streptomycin dual therapy for 8 weeks, local wound care, and physical therapy
AUSTRALIA: rifampin plus clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, or moxifloxacin for 12 weeks
antimycobacterial treatment is ineffective, surgical debridement with skin grafting is the next choice
An erythematous nodule that progresses to a painless ulcer with deep white and yellow necrotic base with undermined edges surrounded by edema
Buruli Ulcer
What is the 4 Centor criteria?
CErvical adenopathy
No cough
TOnsillar exudate
FevER
Lemierre’s syndrome
Caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum
suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, with or without bacteremia and septic emboli
True or false
Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus has never been resistant to penicillin, so penicillin remains the recommended **first-line **drug for group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus
True
