Mock Exam 3 flashcards
Late sign of hypoxia
Confusion
How to measure a rigid top catheter
From the corner of the mouth to the earlobe or angle of the jaw
What to do when a patient begins gurgling or makes choking sounds
Roll the patient and suction oropharynx
How deep should you insert the suction device when suctioning the trasectomy tube
1-2 inches
Early signs of hypoxia
Irritability, tachycardia, restlessness
What is defined as a safe distance behind an emergency vehicle and the vehicle in front of it
Driving 4-5 seconds behind the vehicle in front of the emergency vehicle
What does stridor indicate
Hallmark sign of upper airway obstruction
What does wheezing suggest
Obstruction or narrowing of lower airways, occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis. Wheezing is heard at its highest upon exhalation
Placenta previa
a pregnancy complication in which the placenta covers the cervix. There may be moderate to severe bleeding, but placenta previa is painless.
abruptio placentae
the placenta separates from the uterus wall and causes moderate to severe bleeding. The condition is very painful.
Signs of heat exhaustion
Dry tongue, dizziness, cold, clammy skin
Mild lighting injuries
injuries include amnesia, confusion, tingling feeling throughout the body or at the injury site, possible loss of consciousness, and, if present, superficial burns
Moderate lightning injuries
include cardiac dysrhythmias, respiratory arrest, superficial burns, and possible seizures.
Severe lightning injuries
patient experiences cardiac arrest
Croup
Infection of the upper airway that becomes narrow and causes a barking cough sound. Seen in children age 2-6
Cause of cardiogenic shock
Acute myocardial infarction
What is considered the primary pacemaker of the heart
SA Node
Left-sided heart failure
The lungs become congested with fluid because the heart fails to pump blood effectively. Causes pulmonary edema, pink frothy sputum and severe dyspnea
Right-sided heart failure
blood backs up in the vena cava, resulting in edema in the lower extremeties
Rule of 9s
Each arm is 9% and the entire chest and abdomen is 18%. The forarm is 9%
Internal respiration
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the cells of the body and systemic circulation
Three types of vesicant agents
sulfur mustard, lewisite, phosgene oxime
Grunting
uh sound heard on exhalation in pediatrics
Indicates inadequate oxygenation such as in pneumonia
What are the actions of the PNS
Bradycardia, slows the heart and respiratory rates)
Vasoconstriction: Constricts blood vessels in the muscles
The consequences of acute myocardial infarction
Cardiogenic shock, sudden cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure
Four common types of distributive shocks
Anaphylactic shock
Septic shock
Neurogenic shock
Psychogenic shock
Distributive shock
Results when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules or both
Neurogenic shock
Neurogenic shock is a condition in which you have trouble keeping your heart rate, blood pressure and temperature stable because of damage to your nervous system after a spinal cord injury.
Psychogenic shock
Emotional or other factors which cause a neurologic response that temporarily dilates the blood vessels
Cardiogenic shock
caused by inadequate function of the heart, or pump failure.
Hypovolemic shock
Results from an inadequate amount of fluid in the circulatory system.
Epiglottis
lies superior to the larynx and helps separate the digestive system from the respiratory system
Pneumonia
Infection of the lungs, that impairs its ability to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen
Typical signs and symptoms of pneumonia are high fever, chills, dyspnea, productive cough, chest discomfort, rhonchi, and labored breathing.
Sections of the Incident Command System
Finance, Operations, Logistics, Planning
Three causes of obstructive shock
Cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism
Compensated shock signs and symptoms
Anxiety, weak rapid thready pulse, shallow, rapid breathing, nausea or vomiting, narrowing pulse pressure, restlessness
Decompensated shock signs and symptoms
Falling blood pressure
Declining mental status
Labored or irregular breathing
Ashen, mottled, or cyanotic skin
Thready or absent peripheral pulses
Dull eyes, dilated pupils
Poor urinary output
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible.
Most common form is emphysema
CHF
Characterized by breath, edema and weakness, have abdominal distention due to fluid buildup
Normal breath rate for BVM ventilations
10 breaths/min because 1 every 6 seconds
Cushing Triad signs
Hypertension, brady cardia, irregular respirations
Tension pneumothorax
Causes by damage to the lung tissue, allows air normally held within the lungs to escape the chest cavity and it collapses causing pneumothorax
Diminished or decreased breath sounds are the first sign of tension pneumothorax
Primary cause of Type 1 diabetes
Pancreas does not produce insulin
Vagus nerve stimulation
Aggressive suctioning can stimulate the vagus nerve and cause bradycardia in infants and small children
Cardiac tamponade symptoms
Beck’s Triad: Narrowing pulse pressure, muffled heart sounds and distended jugular veins
Flail chest
Occurs when two or more ribs are fractured in two or more places.
Involves difficulty breathing and chest pain
V/Q mismatch
Failure to match V/Q mismatch
Pulmonary edema, COPD, and Asthma lead to V/Q mismatch
4 factors that must be proven to determine negligence
duty, breach of duty, damages, causation
Signs of ventricular tachycardia
Chest pain, unresponsiveness, impalpable radial pulse
What are all radio operations regulated by
Federal Communications Commision
Atherosclerosis
The formation and buildup of plaque inside the walls of blood vessels puts patients at a higher risk for myocardial infarction and stroke.
Primary function of plasma
Transports carbon dioxide
