Mock Exam 1 flashcards
Chronic bronchitis
Chronic condition in which the bronchioles are filled with the over-production of mucus
Productive cough lasting longer than three months and reoccurs for two straight years
Presents with shortness of breath, peripheral and central cyanosis, rhonchi, wheezing, obesity and a productive cough
Neurogenic shock difference from other shocks
It presents with warm, dry skin instead of the cold, clammy skin, hypertension, and tachycardia that signals most shocks
Pulmonary edema
Fluid in the lungs
Pulmonary embolism
Clot in the lungs, that will produce wheezing or a non-productive cough
Preclampsia
New onset of high blood pressure in pregnancy, typically after 20 weeks gestation
Characterized by blood pressure over 140/90
Headache is a common symptom of pregnancy
Eclampsia
The moment that preclampsia becomes eclampsia is the onset of seizure activity
Pneumonia
Infection of the lungs.
Signs and symptoms are fever, shortness of breath, productive cough, chest discomfort, headache, body aches, wheezing and/or rhonchi, and tachycardia.
Causes: Viruses, fungi, bacteria, immobility due to surgery
Emphysema
Chronic condition in which the alveoli are damaged and no surface area for gas exchange
Signs and symptoms: Shortness of breath, wheezing, non-productive cough, barrel-chest appearance
Hay fever
Common name for allergic rhinitis and is caused by indoor and outdoor allergens. They trigger allergic response that causes cold-like symptoms
Hyperglycemia
Signs and symptoms: Increased hunger, excessive urination, warm and dry skin, deep and rapid respirations, abdominal pain, abnormal mental status, nausea
Hypoglycemia signs
Snoring respiration, cool and clammy skin, decrease in mental status
Incident Command System positions
Liaison Officer
Public information Officer
Safety Officer
Hypothermia
Defined as core temperature between 30-34 C.
Signs: Loss of coordination, stiffness in muscles, bradypnea, bradycardia, confusion, tiredness, and lethargy.
Placenta Previa
Late-stage pregnancy bleeding emergency
Placenta develops over the cervix and blocks the opening.
Presents with bright, red bleeding and is painless
Abruptio placenta
Late-stage pregnancy bleeding emergency that is painful and causes vaginal bleeding.
Gestational diabetes
high blood pressure during pregnancy with no bleeding
Severe burns
Full-thickness burns to hands, feet, face, genitalia, airway.
Full-thickness burns covering more than 5% TBSA
Partial thickness burns covering more than 20% of TBSA.
Burns to patients younger than five years or older than 50 years
Moderate burns
Full-thickness burns involving 2%-10% TBSA,
Partial thickness burns covering 15-30% TBSA
Superficial burns covering more than 50% TBSA
Minor burns
Full-thickness burns covering less than 2% TBS
Partial-thickness burns covering less than 15% TBSA
Superficial burns covering less than 50% TBSA
Commotio cardis
Sudden cardiac arrest caused by blunt trauma to the chest. Causes the heart to go into ventricular fibrillation.
Cardiac tamponade
Caused by blunt force trauma to the chest but does not cause sudden cardiac arrest
Acute myocardial infarction
Blockage in the heart’s coronary arteries
Respiratory alkalosis
Buildup of carbon dioxide and a buildup of the excess base in body fluids.
Tricuspid valve
Located between the right atrium and right ventricle
Mitral valve
Located between the left atrium and left ventricle
Leading cause of the death from infection in Americans 65 years and older
Pneumonia
First-line medication that treats COPD
Albuterol
Anisocoria
Condition of unequal pupils as a normal baseline in a patient
Symptoms of acute myocardial infarction
Chest pressure, nausea, and dyspnea, chest pain, radiation of pain.
Best way to remove stingers
Lightly scrape them off the arm with a card
Key perfusion measurement that can detect shock and is displayed on most cardiac monitors is
Mean arterial pressure
What medication is proven to reduce morality in heart attacks
Aspirin
Three common symptoms of AMI
Chest pain, shortness of breath, arm pain, jaw pain, nausea and heartburn
Hemothorax
Collection of blood in the pleural space. Could easily happen by a gun wound
Signs and symptoms: Diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side, dyspnea, collapsed neck veins.
Meningitis
Infection and inflammation of the meninges covering the spinal cord and brain
Signs and symptoms: Fever, altered level of consciousness, headaches, confusion and lethargy.
Acute coronary syndrome symptoms that indicate myocardial ischemia
Unstable angina pectoris, stable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction
What does wheezing indicate
bronchospasm, narrowing of the lower airways, and obstruction
Obstructive shock
Caused by an obstruction that prevents adequate blood volume from reaching the rest of the body.
What does rales indicate
Indicate fluid such as pulmonary edema
What does stridor indicate
Indicates obstruction or narrowing
What does rhonchi suggest
Lung congestion
Crush syndrome
occurs when an area of the body is crushed or compromised for four hours or longer
Compartment syndrome
Occurs when localized tissue swelling occurs within the muscle compartment. Caused by excessive bleeding or swellintg
Pulmonary embolism
Blood clot that circulates within the circulatory system and becomes lodged in the pulmonary arteries. Causes a decrease or blockage of blood flow.
Signs and symptoms: Sudden onset of shortness of breath, sudden onset of chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, cyanosis, hemotysis and hypoxia
Dehydration in infants
Infection in infants can lead to dehydration. Vomiting and diarrhea are the number one causes of dehydration.
The lack of wet diapers, the lack of eating, rapid breathing and sunken fontanelle are signs and symptoms in babies for dehydration
Right-sided heart failure
Causes fluid to back up into the body and into the upper and lower extremites. It causes ascites which is fluid build-up in the abdomen. There may also be JVD
What does wheezing indicate
Bronchospasm and the best treatment for this is albuterol
What should you expect if a patient in labor expressed the needing to move her bowels
Prepare for imminent delivery
Heatstroke
Life threatening emergency, where the first sign is a change in mental status.
They may become unresponsive and have a seizure. The rapid pulse may become slow and weak.
Blood pressure decreases
Lack of perspiration
Components of APGAR scoring system
Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respirations
Asthma
Acute condition or a chronic disease in which the airway passages constrict due to inflammation and fill with an over-production of mucus
Signs and symptoms: Wheezing, tachypnea, and anxiety
Stages of birth
Stage 1: Starts with contraction and ends with dilation of the cervix
Stage 2: Begins when fetus moves into the birth canal and ends with the delivery of the newborn
Stage 3: Begins with newborn delivery and ends with the delivery of the placenta
What is CPAP indicated in
Pulmonary edema as it aids in pushing the fluid out of the lungs
