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EMS exam > Mock Exam 1 flashcards > Flashcards

Mock Exam 1 flashcards

1
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Chronic condition in which the bronchioles are filled with the over-production of mucus

Productive cough lasting longer than three months and reoccurs for two straight years

Presents with shortness of breath, peripheral and central cyanosis, rhonchi, wheezing, obesity and a productive cough

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2
Q

Neurogenic shock difference from other shocks

A

It presents with warm, dry skin instead of the cold, clammy skin, hypertension, and tachycardia that signals most shocks

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3
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

Fluid in the lungs

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4
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Clot in the lungs, that will produce wheezing or a non-productive cough

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5
Q

Preclampsia

A

New onset of high blood pressure in pregnancy, typically after 20 weeks gestation

Characterized by blood pressure over 140/90

Headache is a common symptom of pregnancy

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6
Q

Eclampsia

A

The moment that preclampsia becomes eclampsia is the onset of seizure activity

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7
Q

Pneumonia

A

Infection of the lungs.

Signs and symptoms are fever, shortness of breath, productive cough, chest discomfort, headache, body aches, wheezing and/or rhonchi, and tachycardia.

Causes: Viruses, fungi, bacteria, immobility due to surgery

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8
Q

Emphysema

A

Chronic condition in which the alveoli are damaged and no surface area for gas exchange

Signs and symptoms: Shortness of breath, wheezing, non-productive cough, barrel-chest appearance

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9
Q

Hay fever

A

Common name for allergic rhinitis and is caused by indoor and outdoor allergens. They trigger allergic response that causes cold-like symptoms

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10
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Signs and symptoms: Increased hunger, excessive urination, warm and dry skin, deep and rapid respirations, abdominal pain, abnormal mental status, nausea

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11
Q

Hypoglycemia signs

A

Snoring respiration, cool and clammy skin, decrease in mental status

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12
Q

Incident Command System positions

A

Liaison Officer
Public information Officer
Safety Officer

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13
Q

Hypothermia

A

Defined as core temperature between 30-34 C.

Signs: Loss of coordination, stiffness in muscles, bradypnea, bradycardia, confusion, tiredness, and lethargy.

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14
Q

Placenta Previa

A

Late-stage pregnancy bleeding emergency
Placenta develops over the cervix and blocks the opening.

Presents with bright, red bleeding and is painless

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15
Q

Abruptio placenta

A

Late-stage pregnancy bleeding emergency that is painful and causes vaginal bleeding.

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16
Q

Gestational diabetes

A

high blood pressure during pregnancy with no bleeding

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17
Q

Severe burns

A

Full-thickness burns to hands, feet, face, genitalia, airway.

Full-thickness burns covering more than 5% TBSA

Partial thickness burns covering more than 20% of TBSA.

Burns to patients younger than five years or older than 50 years

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18
Q

Moderate burns

A

Full-thickness burns involving 2%-10% TBSA,

Partial thickness burns covering 15-30% TBSA

Superficial burns covering more than 50% TBSA

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19
Q

Minor burns

A

Full-thickness burns covering less than 2% TBS

Partial-thickness burns covering less than 15% TBSA

Superficial burns covering less than 50% TBSA

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20
Q

Commotio cardis

A

Sudden cardiac arrest caused by blunt trauma to the chest. Causes the heart to go into ventricular fibrillation.

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21
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Caused by blunt force trauma to the chest but does not cause sudden cardiac arrest

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22
Q

Acute myocardial infarction

A

Blockage in the heart’s coronary arteries

23
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Buildup of carbon dioxide and a buildup of the excess base in body fluids.

24
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Located between the right atrium and right ventricle

25
Q

Mitral valve

A

Located between the left atrium and left ventricle

26
Q

Leading cause of the death from infection in Americans 65 years and older

A

Pneumonia

27
Q

First-line medication that treats COPD

A

Albuterol

27
Q

Anisocoria

A

Condition of unequal pupils as a normal baseline in a patient

28
Q

Symptoms of acute myocardial infarction

A

Chest pressure, nausea, and dyspnea, chest pain, radiation of pain.

29
Q

Best way to remove stingers

A

Lightly scrape them off the arm with a card

30
Q

Key perfusion measurement that can detect shock and is displayed on most cardiac monitors is

A

Mean arterial pressure

31
Q

What medication is proven to reduce morality in heart attacks

A

Aspirin

32
Q

Three common symptoms of AMI

A

Chest pain, shortness of breath, arm pain, jaw pain, nausea and heartburn

33
Q

Hemothorax

A

Collection of blood in the pleural space. Could easily happen by a gun wound

Signs and symptoms: Diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side, dyspnea, collapsed neck veins.

34
Q

Meningitis

A

Infection and inflammation of the meninges covering the spinal cord and brain

Signs and symptoms: Fever, altered level of consciousness, headaches, confusion and lethargy.

35
Q

Acute coronary syndrome symptoms that indicate myocardial ischemia

A

Unstable angina pectoris, stable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction

36
Q

What does wheezing indicate

A

bronchospasm, narrowing of the lower airways, and obstruction

37
Q

Obstructive shock

A

Caused by an obstruction that prevents adequate blood volume from reaching the rest of the body.

38
Q

What does rales indicate

A

Indicate fluid such as pulmonary edema

39
Q

What does stridor indicate

A

Indicates obstruction or narrowing

39
Q

What does rhonchi suggest

A

Lung congestion

40
Q

Crush syndrome

A

occurs when an area of the body is crushed or compromised for four hours or longer

40
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Occurs when localized tissue swelling occurs within the muscle compartment. Caused by excessive bleeding or swellintg

41
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blood clot that circulates within the circulatory system and becomes lodged in the pulmonary arteries. Causes a decrease or blockage of blood flow.

Signs and symptoms: Sudden onset of shortness of breath, sudden onset of chest pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, cyanosis, hemotysis and hypoxia

42
Q

Dehydration in infants

A

Infection in infants can lead to dehydration. Vomiting and diarrhea are the number one causes of dehydration.

The lack of wet diapers, the lack of eating, rapid breathing and sunken fontanelle are signs and symptoms in babies for dehydration

43
Q

Right-sided heart failure

A

Causes fluid to back up into the body and into the upper and lower extremites. It causes ascites which is fluid build-up in the abdomen. There may also be JVD

44
Q

What does wheezing indicate

A

Bronchospasm and the best treatment for this is albuterol

45
Q

What should you expect if a patient in labor expressed the needing to move her bowels

A

Prepare for imminent delivery

46
Q

Heatstroke

A

Life threatening emergency, where the first sign is a change in mental status.
They may become unresponsive and have a seizure. The rapid pulse may become slow and weak.
Blood pressure decreases
Lack of perspiration

47
Q

Components of APGAR scoring system

A

Appearance, pulse, grimace, activity and respirations

48
Q

Asthma

A

Acute condition or a chronic disease in which the airway passages constrict due to inflammation and fill with an over-production of mucus

Signs and symptoms: Wheezing, tachypnea, and anxiety

49
Q

Stages of birth

A

Stage 1: Starts with contraction and ends with dilation of the cervix

Stage 2: Begins when fetus moves into the birth canal and ends with the delivery of the newborn

Stage 3: Begins with newborn delivery and ends with the delivery of the placenta

50
Q

What is CPAP indicated in

A

Pulmonary edema as it aids in pushing the fluid out of the lungs

EMS exam (14 decks)

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