Cardiology Flashcards
Coronary artery
Major blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle to keep it alive.
Myocardial Infarcation
Heart muscle is dead or dying
Blood clot
Plaque or platelets causing a block on the coronary arteries, preventing blood from coming into the heart muscle
Why you should give aspirin
It stop the platelets from sticking together and forming clots that would otherwise block the coronary arteries
Aslirin dosage and intake
81 mg baby aspirin
324 mg oral aspirin
Chewable
Dosage of Nitroglycerin
0.4 mg under the tongue
Function of nitroglycerin
- Decreases preload in the chambers
- Vasodialates the arteries
Heart blood flow
- Deoxygenated blood pumped from superior vena cava to right atrium
- DB is pumped from right atrium to right ventricle
- Right ventricle: Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Lungs oxygenate the blood
- Oxygenated blood goes to left atrium through pulmonary veins
- Blood goes from left atrium to left ventricle
- Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta
Pulmonary edema
a condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe
What is the main cause of pulmonary edema
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
What happens in a left-sided heart failure
The left ventricle fails to pump adequately causing blood to back up from the left atrium and goes back to the lungs, which may cause pulmonary edema
What is JVD? what is it a sign of?
It is the bulging of major veins in your neck, and is a key symptom of heart failure.
What is pedal edema?
a condition where fluid builds up in the lower extremities, causing swelling in the feet and ankles
Can result from prolonged standing or sitting in the same position for an extended period, heart failure, chronic lung diseases or pregnancy
What happens in right-sided heart failure?
The blood backs up in the right atrium and goes back through the superior vena cava, so that it causes JVD or pedal edema
Signs of CHF
edema, JVD, shortness of breath, hypertension, coughing up pink sprothy fluid
Common blood pressure medications
Ace inhibitors
Lisinopril (Zestral)
atenolol
metoprolol
Calcium channel blockers
Amlodapine (norvach)
High chloesteroal meds
Lipidor
Atrovasta
Crestor
Any drug that
Ace inhibitors
class of drugs that are commonly used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and other cardiovascular conditions
Common ace inhibitors
Lisinopril (Zestral)
Beta blockers
Beta blockers lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline in your cardiovascular system
Common beta blockers
Metoprolol (Toprol)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Carvidolol
Propanolol
Any medication that ends in olol is a beta blocker
Calcium channel blockers
Lowers blood pressure by stopping calcium from entering the heart and other cells since calcium causes the heart to work harder
Common calcium blockers
Amlodipine (Norvasc).
Isradipine.
Nicardipine.
Most medication that ends with pine are calcium blockers
High cholesterol meds
Lower cholesterol levels
Common cholesterol meds
Atorvastatin (Lipitor®)
Fluvastatin (Lescol®)
Pitavastatin (Livalo®)
Medications that end with statin are cholesterol meds
What are the risk factors of MI
Family history of heart problems
Diabetes (number 1 risk factor for having heart problems)
Smoking
Age
Pulmonary embolism
A blockage of plaque in the arteries that supply blood to the lungs meaning the lungs is dying
Presents with clear lung sounds
How does pulmonary embolism present? and what are the risk factors?
With clear lung sounds, tachycardic and hypoxic
The risk factors are smoking, birth control, vascular surgery, long periods of stasis or no movement
What are the symptoms of MI
- Chest pain
- Radiating pain or discomfort
- Cold sweat.
- Fatigue.
- Heartburn or indigestion.
- Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness.
- Nausea.
- Shortness of breath.
