Cardiology

Question 1

Coronary artery

Answer 1

Major blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle to keep it alive.

Question 2

Myocardial Infarcation

Answer 2

Heart muscle is dead or dying

Question 3

Blood clot

Answer 3

Plaque or platelets causing a block on the coronary arteries, preventing blood from coming into the heart muscle

Question 4

Why you should give aspirin

Answer 4

It stop the platelets from sticking together and forming clots that would otherwise block the coronary arteries

Question 5

Aslirin dosage and intake

Answer 5

81 mg baby aspirin
324 mg oral aspirin
Chewable

Question 6

Dosage of Nitroglycerin

Answer 6

0.4 mg under the tongue

Question 7

Function of nitroglycerin

Answer 7

1. Decreases preload in the chambers
2. Vasodialates the arteries

Question 8

Heart blood flow

Answer 8

1. Deoxygenated blood pumped from superior vena cava to right atrium
2. DB is pumped from right atrium to right ventricle
3. Right ventricle: Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs
4. Lungs oxygenate the blood
5. Oxygenated blood goes to left atrium through pulmonary veins
6. Blood goes from left atrium to left ventricle
7. Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta

Question 9

Pulmonary edema

Answer 9

a condition that occurs when fluid builds up in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe

Question 10

What is the main cause of pulmonary edema

Answer 10

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 11

What happens in a left-sided heart failure

Answer 11

The left ventricle fails to pump adequately causing blood to back up from the left atrium and goes back to the lungs, which may cause pulmonary edema

Question 12

What is JVD? what is it a sign of?

Answer 12

It is the bulging of major veins in your neck, and is a key symptom of heart failure.

Question 13

What is pedal edema?

Answer 13

a condition where fluid builds up in the lower extremities, causing swelling in the feet and ankles

Can result from prolonged standing or sitting in the same position for an extended period, heart failure, chronic lung diseases or pregnancy

Question 14

What happens in right-sided heart failure?

Answer 14

The blood backs up in the right atrium and goes back through the superior vena cava, so that it causes JVD or pedal edema

Question 15

Signs of CHF

Answer 15

edema, JVD, shortness of breath, hypertension, coughing up pink sprothy fluid

Question 16

Common blood pressure medications

Answer 16

Ace inhibitors
Lisinopril (Zestral)
atenolol
metoprolol

Calcium channel blockers
Amlodapine (norvach)

High chloesteroal meds
Lipidor
Atrovasta
Crestor

Any drug that

Question 17

Ace inhibitors

Answer 17

class of drugs that are commonly used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and other cardiovascular conditions

Common ace inhibitors
Lisinopril (Zestral)

Question 18

Beta blockers

Answer 18

Beta blockers lower blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline in your cardiovascular system

Common beta blockers
Metoprolol (Toprol)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Carvidolol
Propanolol

Any medication that ends in olol is a beta blocker

Question 19

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 19

Lowers blood pressure by stopping calcium from entering the heart and other cells since calcium causes the heart to work harder

Common calcium blockers
Amlodipine (Norvasc).
Isradipine.
Nicardipine.

Most medication that ends with pine are calcium blockers

Question 20

High cholesterol meds

Answer 20

Lower cholesterol levels

Common cholesterol meds
Atorvastatin (Lipitor®)
Fluvastatin (Lescol®)
Pitavastatin (Livalo®)

Medications that end with statin are cholesterol meds

Question 21

What are the risk factors of MI

Answer 21

Family history of heart problems
Diabetes (number 1 risk factor for having heart problems)
Smoking
Age

Question 22

Pulmonary embolism

Answer 22

A blockage of plaque in the arteries that supply blood to the lungs meaning the lungs is dying

Presents with clear lung sounds

Question 23

How does pulmonary embolism present? and what are the risk factors?

Answer 23

With clear lung sounds, tachycardic and hypoxic

The risk factors are smoking, birth control, vascular surgery, long periods of stasis or no movement

Question 24

What are the symptoms of MI

Answer 24

1. Chest pain
2. Radiating pain or discomfort
3. Cold sweat.
4. Fatigue.
5. Heartburn or indigestion.
6. Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness.
7. Nausea.
8. Shortness of breath.