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Biomed-Sem 1 - Mock 2 > Mock 2 - case Study > Flashcards

Mock 2 - case Study Flashcards

1
Q

Joan is concerned that she may have Crohn’s disease. State specifically which part of the gastrointestinal tract is commonly affected (1 mark).

A

Any part of the GIT but mostly the terminal ileum

Any part of the GIT but mostly the terminal ileum

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2
Q

State ONE KEY difference between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (1 mark)

A

Crohn’s disease
Any part of the GIT, mostly the terminal ileum
Skip lesions
All layers OR transmural
Crampy abdominal pain - right
Loose semi-solid stools
Fistulas
Abscess
Obstruction
Malabsorption
B12 + B9 deficiency
Cobblestone appearance - Ulcerative colitis
Colon and rectum
Proximally continuous
Mucosa only OR ulcers
Mucosa only OR ulcers
Abdominal pain - left
Bloody diarrhoea
Haemorrhage
Thin wall

Crohn’s disease
Any part of the GIT, mostly the terminal ileum
Skip lesions
All layers OR transmural
Crampy abdominal pain - right
Loose semi-solid stools
Fistulas
Abscess
Obstruction
Malabsorption
B12 + B9 deficiency
Cobblestone appearance - Ulcerative colitis
Colon and rectum
Proximally continuous
Mucosa only OR ulcers
Mucosa only OR ulcers
Abdominal pain - left
Bloody diarrhoea
Haemorrhage
Thin wall

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3
Q

What nutrient deficiency can be a complication of Crohn’s disease? (1 mark)?

A

B12 OR B9 Can also accept iron

B12 OR B9 Can also accept iron

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4
Q

Define acne rosacea (1 mark).

A

Chronic inflammation of the skin associated with vascular changes, which results in flushing.

Chronic inflammation of the skin associated with vascular changes, which results in flushing.

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5
Q

State ONE cause of acne rosacea (1 mark).

A

Exaggerated vasodilatory response to hyperthermia. High incidence of gastric Helicobacter pylori Flushing reaction may be caused by gastrin Environmental OR oil OR chlorine OR UV Cosmetics OR paraffin Medications Stress

Exaggerated vasodilatory response to hyperthermia. High incidence of gastric Helicobacter pylori Flushing reaction may be caused by gastrin Environmental OR oil OR chlorine OR UV Cosmetics OR paraffin Medications Stress

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6
Q

Joan suffers from small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Explain what causes this condition (1 mark)

A

Overpopulation of microflora in the small intestines

Overpopulation of microflora in the small intestines

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7
Q

Flatulence is commonly experienced by patients with SIBO. Identify ONE of the gases produced in SIBO when bacterial growth is excessive? (1 mark)

A

Hydrogen Methane

Hydrogen Methane

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8
Q

Bloating, burping, heartburn, and abdominal discomfort are also early signs/symptoms of gastric cancer. Name two different signs and/or symptoms of advanced stage gastric cancer. (1 mark)

A

Black blood in the stools Loss of appetite Weight loss Tiredness Anaemia Jaundice

Black blood in the stools Loss of appetite Weight loss Tiredness Anaemia Jaundice

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9
Q

State TWO causes or risk factors for Joan’s elevated blood cholesterol (2 marks)

A

Familial hypercholesterolaemia OR defect on chromosome 9 causing inability to remove LDL from blood. Age-related OR risk increases with age Diet OR high refined sugars OR trans fats OR table salt, etc. Sedentary lifestyle Diabetes mellitus OR insulin resistance Obesity Excessive alcohol Smoking

Familial hypercholesterolaemia OR defect on chromosome 9 causing inability to remove LDL from blood. Age-related OR risk increases with age Diet OR high refined sugars OR trans fats OR table salt, etc. Sedentary lifestyle Diabetes mellitus OR insulin resistance Obesity Excessive alcohol Smoking

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10
Q

Joan’s alcohol consumption puts her liver under stress. Name the TWO phases of liver detoxification (2 marks).

A

Phase I = Bio-activation Phase / II = Conjugation reactions

Phase I = Bio-activation Phase / II = Conjugation reactions

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11
Q

What is familial hypercholesterolaemia?

A

Defect on chromosome 9 causing inability to remove LDL from blood.

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12
Q

What are some age-related risk factors for hypercholesterolaemia?

A

Risk increases with age.

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13
Q

What are some dietary risk factors for hypercholesterolaemia?

A

High refined sugars, trans fats, table salt, etc.

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14
Q

What lifestyle factors can contribute to hypercholesterolaemia?

A

Sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity, excessive alcohol, smoking.

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15
Q

What are the TWO phases of liver detoxification?

A

Phase I = Bio-activation Phase
Phase II = Conjugation reactions

Case Study: 10. Joan’s alcohol consumption puts her liver under stress.

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16
Q

What happens in phase I liver detoxification?

A

Converts water-insoluble toxins into water soluble substances to be excreted by the kidneys. OR Converts toxins to more reactive substances which can be metabolised in Phase II.

Case Study: 11. Briefly describe what happens in phase I liver detoxification?

17
Q

What happens in Phase II liver detoxification?

A

Molecules are attached to the toxins to neutralise them making them stable (non-reactive) and water-soluble to be excreted.

Case Study: 12. Briefly describe what happens in Phase II liver detoxification?

18
Q

Which TWO hormones intensify the sympathetic nervous system response?

A

Adrenaline Noradrenaline

Case Study: 13. Joan is always very stressed with a busy work and family life.

19
Q

What effect does adrenaline have on the heart?

A

Increases heart rate and contraction causing an increase in blood pressure.

Case Study: 14. One of these hormones binds to receptors on the heart.

20
Q

What impact would a sympathetic nervous system response have on the pupils of the eyes?

A

Dilates pupils

Case Study: 15. This hormone also influences the nervous system.

21
Q

Name ONE group of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

A

Glucocorticoids Mineralocorticoids Sex hormones

Case Study: 16. The adrenal cortex produces three groups of steroid hormones.

22
Q

Name ONE key steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex which regulates metabolism and resistance to stress

A

Cortisol

Case Study: 17. Name ONE key steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex.

Biomed-Sem 1 - Mock 2 (3 decks)

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