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BDS3 Past Papers & Quizzes > Mock 2# > Flashcards

Mock 2# Flashcards

1
Q

periodontal abscess

A

localised acute exacerbation of a pre-existing pocket

Usually vital, pain on lateral movements, usually mobile, loss of alveolar crest, more likely to have generalised horizontal bone loss

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2
Q

periapical abscess

A

localised collection of pus around apex of a non-vital tooth as a result of pulp necrosis

non vital, TTP vertically, may be mobile, loss of lamina dura, radiolucency?

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3
Q

occlusal trauma

A

tooth mobility which is progressively increasing and or tooth mobility with symptoms AND radiographic evidence of increased PDL width

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4
Q

periapical periodontitis

A

periodontal disease which has reach the apex of a tooth, resorption of alveolar bone, loss of attachment - apical migration of junctional epithelium.

plaque, age, smoking, stress, diabetes

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5
Q

chronic gingivitis

A

Bleeding on Probing, inflammation of gingival tissues, false pockets due to oedema.

No bone loss.

Pregnancy related, puberty associated, leukaemia.

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6
Q

maxillary nerve

through

past which parasymp ganglion

A

foramen rotundum

pterygopalatine gangion in ptyergopalatine fossa

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7
Q

branches of CNV2 (maxillary)

A
  • Nasopalatine branch, and nasal branches (sphenopalatine foramen)
  • greater and lesser palatine branches,
  • zygomatic branch (inferior orbital fissure)
  • post sup alveolar,

Enters maxillary sinus,

  • middle and ant sup alveolar nerves,

exits via infra orbital foramen where it become the infra orbital nerve ( labial, nasal, palpebral branches)

Also pharyngeal branch at beginning and pteryogopalatine ganglion parasympathetic ganglion (greater petrosal nerve – facial)

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8
Q

limit alcohol

A

14 units a week both sexes

2 alcohol free days

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9
Q

health promotion strategies for alcohol

A
  • Advertising regarding safe limits, not drinking and driving etc.
  • Changing Scotland’s Relationship with Alcohol: A Framework for Action.
  • Licensing Scotland Act 2005;
    • Alcoholb– increasing price per unit of alcohol
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10
Q

chairside interventions for alcohol

A

Ask, Assess, Advise, Assist, Arrange - 5As BEST

  • AUDIT: alcohol use disorders identification test (good to determine if hazardous, harmful or dependent drinker)
  • FAST: concise version of AUDIT (fast alcohol screening test)
  • CAGE: 4 questions

ABIs - alcohol brief interventions - opportunitistc and effective

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11
Q

3 types candidosis

A
  • pseduo membranous (thrush)
  • erythomatous (denture induced stomatitis)
  • hyperplastic

angular cheilitis

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12
Q

tx pseudo membranous candidosis

A

nystatin

  • topical MW 4x daily (100,000 units) 3ml per rinse for 7 days
  • CLX can be an effective adjunctive to this.

Candida subtyping should be considered if systemic antifungals to be prescribed as C.glabrata, C.tropicalis and C.krusei are resistant to fluconazole.

  • Fluconazole 50mg daily for 7 days or itraconazole 10-20mg OD both for 14 days
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13
Q

erythromatous candidosis tx

A

Eliminate cause, through cleaning of denture- (alkaline hypochlorites – Milton 20 min soak,)

if steroid related then advise rinse mouth with mouth after inhaling and/or spacer device.

Otherwise as above - nystatin

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14
Q

hyperplastic candidosis tx

A

confirm diagnosis microbiologically and histopathologically,

systemic anti fungals

  • fluconazole 50mg OD or itraconazole 10-20mg OD.

Can also be associated with iron, folate, vit b12 deficiencies and smoking so try to correct these!

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15
Q

angular cheilitis tx

A

CHX + Miconazole cream

  • 50mg daily 7 days
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16
Q

azoles action

A

work by inhibiting ergosterol forming in fungi

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17
Q

maxillary impression features

A

coverage of tuberosity.

Coverage of hamular notch

extension ant to vibrating line,

functional depth and width of sulcus to create peripheral seal.

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18
Q

mandibular impression features

A

coverage of pearshaped pads and buccal shelf.

Retromolar pad and extension into the lingual pouch.

Functional width and depth of sulcus.

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19
Q

primary area of support mandibular denture

A

buccal shelf and pear shaped pad

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20
Q

primary area of support maxillary denture

A

hard palate

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21
Q

posterior border of upper denture

A

overs hamular notches and 1-2mm ant to vibrating line. 2mm ant to palatine fovea.

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22
Q

primary impression materials

A

impression compound, or alginate if undercuts are present

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23
Q

secondary impression materials

A

ZOE, silicone: PVS, alginate

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24
Q

4 cardinal signs of parkinson

A

postural instability,

muscle rigidity – cogwheel and lead pipe,

resting tremor,

bradykinesia – difficulty initiating movements

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25
Q

dental impact of parkinsons

A

mask like face

  • hard to judge,

slow speech,

impaired dexterity (tooth brushing)

swallowing may become troublesome.

Abnormal posture make make examination difficult

dry mouth (anticholinergic effect of drugs)

depression associated with the disease,

  • depression could lead to dental neglect

Drug interactions.

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26
Q

how may pt with parkinsons dentally present

A

OH deteriorates, hard to access surgery, dry mouth, lack muscle control – hard for dentures, dyskinesia

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27
Q

signs of dementia pt with pain

A

frequent pulling at face and mouth,

refusal to eat,

previously worn dentures left out,

disturbed sleep,

increased restlessness and moaning

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28
Q

CHX drug group

A

bisbiguanides

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29
Q

CHX mech of action

A

Di cationic,

  • one cation attaches to dental pellicle and the other to the bacterial membrane,

low conc: increases permeability,

high conc: precipitation of cytoplasm and cell death

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30
Q

substantivity

A

persistance of action (depends on: absorption to oral surfaces, maintenance of antimicrobial activity, slow neutralisation)

Substantivity 12hrs for CHX

  • Factors that influence: Other drugs, food and drink, sodium lauryl sulphate
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31
Q

dose of CHX mouthwash

A
  1. 2% 10ml = 20mg twice/day
  2. 12% 15ml = 18mg twice/day
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32
Q

indications for CHX

A
  • Short term use for specific problem (candiosis),
  • post surgery,
  • disabled pts,
  • immunocompromised pts,
  • reduced salivary flow,
  • gingivitis,
  • oral ulcerations,
  • adjunctive to OH,
  • Full Mouth Rehabilitation,
  • fixed appliances,
  • irrigation of sockets,
  • RCT-irrigant,
  • pre-surgery to maintain OH,
  • mucocitis – cancer pt,
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33
Q

side effects of CHX (3 main)

A

decreased GI absorption

staining

taste disturbance

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34
Q

incidence

A

the amount of new cases in the population a specific time period

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35
Q

prevalance

A

proportion of the population affected by a disease at a single point in time.

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36
Q

anterior xbite

A

z spring

posterior bite plane

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37
Q

post xbite

A

mid palatal screw

posterior bite plane

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38
Q

wire gauge for active components

A

0.5mm HSSW

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39
Q

retention

A

resistance to displacement forces

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40
Q

anchorage

A

resistance to unwanted tooth movement

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41
Q

base plate functions

A

connector

dissipates forces

retention

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42
Q

aim ortho tooth movement per month

A

1mm per month

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43
Q

retention wire gauge

primary and permenent

A

primary - 0.6mm

permanent - 0.7mm

HSSW

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44
Q

ortho device for habit breaker

A

deterrent rake or crib design on palate.

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45
Q

digit sucking effect on teeth

A

AOB

arch narrowing.

Proclined upper teeth,

retroclined lower teeth,

post x-bite.

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46
Q

socket measures to stop bleeding

A

Direct pressure,

vasoconstriction (LA),

diathermy,

surgicel (Oxidised celluslose),

Bone Wax

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47
Q

ferric sulphate

A

haemostatic agent (15.5%)

only in primary teeth as stains

  • also used in pulpotomy*
  • (saline and pressure in adult)*
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48
Q

how to stop soft tissue bleed

A

suturing,

Cauterisation,

Direct Pressure,

haemostatic clips,

ligatures

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49
Q

nerves affected by inferior-alveolar nerve block

A

lingual neve, inferior alveolar nerve (Incisive and mental braches also)

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50
Q

how to test for IDB anaesthesia

A

Numbness of lip and chin on same side,

numbness of lingual gingivae,

numbness ant 2/3rds tongue,

all mandibular teeth on that side

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51
Q

xerostomia

A

dry mouth

  • subjective complaint of dryness of the mouth, can be a sign and a symptom.

Half the amount of normal unstimulated flow rate

  • Clinically; <0.3 ml/min unstimulated salivary flow,
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52
Q

medications which can cause dry mouth

A
  • Tricyclics antidepressants,
  • antihistamines,
  • anticholinergics,
  • diuretics,
  • antipsychotics,
  • benzodiazepines,
  • B blockers

(polypharmacy)

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53
Q

other than meds what can cause dry mouth

A
  • Sjogrens syndrome,
  • radiotherapy to head and neck,
  • anxiety,
  • dehydration,
  • surgery (removal of gland),
  • Stress,
  • Diabetes,
  • rheumatoid arthritis,
  • parkinsons,
  • alzheimers,
  • Stroke,
  • Nerve damage (Chorda Tympani)
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54
Q

tx ED#

A
  • radiographs to ensure no root displacement etc.
  • glass ionomer cement can be used in an emergency,
  • restore with composite or if fractured piece retained cement it back on.
  • Review clinically and radiographically at 6-8 weeks and 1 year
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55
Q

tx EDP#

A

<24hours

  • direct pulp cap of setting CaOH and hermetic seal with GI

Radiographic and clinical review at 6-8 weeks and 1 year.

>24 hours

  • partial pulpotomy
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56
Q

pulpotomy

A

LA,

  • isolate if possible,
  • cleaned, dry,
  • perform pulpotomy to 2mm with round diamond bur.
  • Saline cotton wool pellet to achieve heamostasis (ferric sulphate option)
  • CaOH or white MTA onto exposed pulp
  • GIC covering
  • restore with composite

radiograph and clincal review at 6-8 weeks adn 1 year

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57
Q

what trauma is rubber dam contraindicated with

A

luxation injuries

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58
Q

clincal syptoms of trauma

A

Pain, oedema, bruising, change of bite, missing part of tooth, inability to close mouth, tooth discolouration,

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59
Q

radiographic signs trauma

A

External/Internal inflammatory root resorption,

periapical radiolucency??

(external surface resorption or ankylosis?)

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60
Q

waste disposal legislation

A

Health and safety at work act(1974),

COSHH(2002),

environmental protection act (1990)

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61
Q

black waste line

A

domestic -> landfill

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62
Q

yellow waste line

A

clincal -> disnifected and landfill

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63
Q

orange waste line

A

special clincal waste (sharps) -> incineration

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64
Q

red waste line

A

amalgam waste -> centrifuged to remove mercury, which is recycled

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65
Q

amalgam waste containers

A

white containers with red lids

rigid, leak/spill proof, mecury vapour suppressant

picked up regularly

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66
Q

consignment/transfer note

A

description of waste, origin-source, quantity, transport and destination

Kept for 3 years

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67
Q

basic difference between

alzeheimers

vascular dementia

lewy bodie dementia

A

Alzheimer’s diease- brain chemistry and function

Vascular dementia- oxygen supply related due to stroke or small vessel disease

Lewy bodies – spherical protein deposits in the neurons, stops normal propagation.

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68
Q

early stage dementia symptoms

A

difficulty concentrating,

decreased memory of recent events,

socializing becomes difficult,

confusion,

poor judgement,

anxiety

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69
Q

middle stage dementia symptoms

A

major memory deficiencies and may need help with every day activities e.g bathing and preparing meals.

Might not know where they are or what time/day it is.

Incontinence.

Forget names of friends and family,

personality changes,

risk of wandering

70
Q

late stage dementia sympotms

A

essentially no ability to communicate,

assistance required for most activities, eating, toilet,

lose physical/motor skills; walking,

  • may be bed bound,

difficulty swallowing

71
Q

MCC

separation interproximally taper

A

5-6 degree

72
Q

MCC

aesthetic area reduction

A

1.3-1.5mm

shoulder margin

2 plane reduction buccal to avoid buccal pulp horn

73
Q

MCC

palatal reduction

A

0.5mm

chamger

1 plane reduction

74
Q

MCC

occlusal reduction

A
  1. 6-2.0mm
  2. 8mm functional cusp bevel

reduce marginal ridges and cusp to try and retain occulsal morphology

75
Q

properties of IM for off site lab

A

decontaminable

dimensionally stable for adequate time (no distortion)

compatible with lab facilities

non toxic

non irritant

76
Q

child abuse index of suspicion

A

delayed presentation of injury

suspicious injuries e.g. hand prints, bites, burns, multiple injuries, facial bruising or in safe zone

strange or aggressive behaviour

on edge

sensitive to movement and noise

77
Q

what to do if suspect child abuse

A

Speak to parent and kid,

ask how they got injuries,

does this match up with presentation?

Ask reason for delayed presentation.

If still concerned, contact child protection for advice, follow up in writing,

speak with health visitor, school nurse/head teacher, GP to investigate history of concern, social services

78
Q

managing neglect

A

Not role of dentist to manage neglect,

  • within scope of dentist to give evidence surrounding injuries and therefore importance of impeccable record keeping.

Single unit:

  • Raise concerns with parents, explain change required, offer support, keep accurate records, liaise with parents/carers, monitor progress,

Multiagency approach:

  • if still worried liaise with child protection/ other agencies - Social services
79
Q

4 examples of inherited bleeding disorder

A

haemophilia A

haemophilia B

haemophilia C

von williebrands disease

80
Q

haemophilia A

A

factor 8 deficiency

DDAVP, recombinant factor 8

81
Q

haemophilia b

A

factor 9 deficiency - christmas factor

replace factor 9

82
Q

haemophilia c

A

factor 11 deficiency

83
Q

von williebrands disease

A

von williebrands factor def

DDAVP

84
Q

thrombocytopenia

what

tx

A

low circulating platelet

platelet transfusion

85
Q

blood tests to confim thrombocytopenia

A

prothrombin time

bleeding time

platelet count

86
Q

INR for XLA

A

under 4 (3.5 in GDH)

safely 1.5-2.5

87
Q

action of warfarin

A

acts on vit k dependent clotting factors 2, 7, 9, 10

88
Q

oral cancer risk factors

A

alcohol

smoking (synergistic)

male

HPV

UV
chewing tobacco (pan)

age

candidosis and alchohol

mucosal abnormalities (leukoplakia)

89
Q

biofilm

definition

A

Matrix (polymers) enclosed microbial populations adherent to each other and/or to surfaces or interfaces. Create an environment favourable for growth.

90
Q

niche

definition

A

describes each species individuality in terms of how they behave, the environment the live in and what they survive on.

91
Q

stages of colonisation

A

reversible attachment

  • Pioneer species,
  • microcolonisation

irreversible attachment

  • Extra cellular products,

biofilm maturation

  • biofilm development,
  • mature plaque

dispersal

92
Q

3 things involved in adhesion

A

fimbria

water insoluble glucans

adhesins

93
Q

successful colonisation needs (3)

A

adherence

substrate (energy)

liveable environment (pH etc)

94
Q

suturing aims

A

approximate tissues and compress blood vessels

reposition tissues and cover bone,

prevent wound breakdown,

achieve haemostasis a

nd achieve healing by primary intention.

(Prevent foreign bodies also).

95
Q

types of flap

A

1 sided (envelope)

2 sided

3 sided

96
Q

categories of suture material

A

resorbable or non-resorbable

monofilament or polyfilament

97
Q

resorbable monofilament

A

monocryle

98
Q

non resobable monofilament

A

prolene

99
Q

nonresorbable polyfilament

A

mersilk

100
Q

resorbable polyfilament

A

vicyrl (raptide)

101
Q

handpiece used to cut bone

A

straight electrical handpeice with saline cooled and tungsten carbide burs

air causes surgical ambolism

102
Q

key things of flap design and suture placement

A
  • Do not cut through neurovascular structures (mental foramen),
  • wide based incision,
  • no sharp access,
  • maximal access,
  • flap margins and sutures lie on sound bone,
  • no crushing,
  • minimise trauma to dental papillae,
  • consider post op aesthetics,
  • 1 continuous stroke of scalpel,
  • flap reflection down to bone,
  • keep moist,
  • Suture in the papillae areas and either side of relieving incision if present.
103
Q

possible long term effects on permanent tooth of trauma (7)

A
  • No damage at all,
  • areas of hypoplasia and hypomineralisation
  • dilacerations,
  • eruption delayed,
  • partial or complete arrest of tooth formation
  • odontome formation,
  • ectopic tooth position.
104
Q

nursing/bottle caries pattern

A

all upper teeth included. (smooth surface)

Inappropriate use of feeding bottles and cups.

  • Cups should be used from 6months,
  • no sugars in bottles,
  • not given to child in bed,
  • soy milk cariogenic.

Frequency of consumption is major factor!

105
Q

normal pattern of caries in permanent dentition

A

6s pits and fissures first

interproximal areas

pits and fissures

not smooth surface

106
Q

types of post

4 categories to class

A
  • preformed /custom
  • tapered/ parallel
  • threaded/ serrated/ smooth
  • metal/fibre
107
Q

parallel v tapered

A

Parallel has greater retention when compared to tapered, also less likely to cause root fracture as load not dispersed horizontally (transfers down long axis).

Taper useful where large natural taper already present or been created with shaping.

108
Q

length of post

A

Length should be at least equal to crown height, (more than 1/2 root length)

leaving 4-5 mm of GP apically.

Not extending past a bend in the root.

Should reach alveolar crest height.

109
Q

width of post

A

Width should not exceed 1/3rd of total root width, fit the coronal preparation, anti-rotational design.

110
Q

baseplate function (3)

A

anchorage

connector/retention of components

stability

111
Q

displacement forces on URA

A

active compenents

function - eating

gravity

speaking - vibration on palate

tongue

112
Q

fiting ortho

A

a. Ensure name matches appliance
b. Ensure that appliance matches prescription
c. Check for sharp or protruding areas on the fitting surface
d. Check for areas of work hardening or damage to wire work (integrity of wire work)
e. Fit in the patient’s mouth immediately looking for areas of blanching or trauma.
f. Check posterior retention initially the flyovers then the arrow heads
g. Check the anterior retention.
h. Activate any active components (approx 1mm tooth movement per month)
i. Demonstrate to the patient the correct technique for insertion and removal of the appliance and ensure that the patient demonstrates this.
j. Book and new appointment for 4 – 6 weeks.

113
Q

pt instructions and warnings for URA

A

a. Mild discomfort initially (Normal)
b. May feel big and bulky (Will get used to it)
c. May cause excess salivation (Will pass usually within 24 hours)
d. May impinge on speech (Practise reading aloud)
e. Wear 24hrs a day (including eating)
f. Non compliance significantly lengths treatment
g. Remove for contact sports (Store in a protective container)
h. Remove and clean after every meal
i. Avoid hard and sticky foods and be careful with hot foods or drink.
j. Supply a contact number in case of emergency or appliance fractures

114
Q

how to monitor progess at subsequent ortho app and what would you do those app

A

check wear of appliance

reactivate appliance

monitor

  • OJ measurement - space between 3 and 5 decreased (extraction site) and OJ not changed
  • check OB reduction
115
Q

if pt compliance excellent

av length URA tx

A

6-9 months

116
Q

ghost image

A

image is projected on the opposite side of the xray.

  • Usually higher and more anterior than original structure, usually wider horizontally.

Commonly earrings, metal restorations, anatomical feature (angle of mandible) soft tissue calcifications soft palate, can interfere with diagnosis. hyoid bone, dentures, fixed appliances.

117
Q

possible indications for OPT

A
  • Evaluation of trauma,
  • Third molars and their relationship to IA canal,
  • Large lesions,
  • Generalized disease (Periodontal bone loss),
  • Inability to tolerate intraoral films,
  • Assessment for surgical procedures
118
Q

stroke definition

A

Acute focal neurological deficit resulting from cerebrovascular disease and lasting more than 24hrs (less than is transient ischaemic attack)

Can be caused by hypoxia of the brain leading to infarction or a haemorrhage into brain tissue. (Vascular/Atheroclerosis/embolism, etc)

119
Q

risk factors stroke

A
  • hypertension,
  • smoking,
  • alcohol,
  • ischaemic heart disease,
  • AF,
  • diabetes mellitus,
  • age,
  • DVT,
120
Q

prevention stroke

A
  • reduce risk factors,
  • antiplatelets (aspirin),
  • anticoagulants if embolic risk.
121
Q

tx stroke

A

rehabilitation and damage limitation,

300mg aspirin daily to reduce future risk,

reduce risk factors.

122
Q

dental aspects stroke

A
  • impaired mobility and dexterity,
  • communication difficulties,
  • risk of cardiac emergencies,
  • loss of protective reflexes,
  • loss of sensory information,
  • cognitive impairment?
  • Bleeding risk,
  • xerostomia - polypharmacy
  • facial nerve issues,
  • facial paralysis.
123
Q

how to give IDB porpley so not anaesthetise facial nerve

A

Assemble long gauge needle after checking date - record along with batch number

Apply topical LA to dried injection site.

  • Approach from opposite premolar region,
  • 5mm above molars on side of injection, (pterygomandibular space) lateral to pterygomandibular raphe, medial to coronoid notch and buccal pad of fat.
  • Advance needle until hit bone,
    • retract slightly, aspirate.
  • If no blood on aspiration, administer slowly into site. (2/3)
  • Deposit LA on removal to anaesthetise lingual nerve (1/3)
  • Sheath needle, dispose of into sharps bin.
124
Q

stroke vs bells

A

stroke-opposite side,

upper motor neurone disease – affects whole body including CN - except the eyes, forehead, cognitive is fine

bells - affects forhead due to IDB into nerve (lower motor neuron lesion)

125
Q

psychiatric disorder examples

A

Anxiety neurosis, OCD, bipolar, schizophrenia, dementia, eating disorders (bulimia, anorexia)

126
Q

difficulties in tx pt with psychiatric disorder

A

depend on type and severity of mood disorder,

  • lack of personal perception of oral problems,
  • lack of access,
  • unable to provide adequate care,
  • irregular attenders,
  • ability to accept care eg anxiety needed sedation facilities.
  • Obtaining capacity and consent,
  • poor time keepers,
  • short attention spans,
  • lack understanding,
  • reduced saliva - denture retention,
  • maybe unable to upkeep complex tx - 1 tx RCT only
127
Q

possible medications for psychiatric disorder

A

Tricyclic antidepressants, Benzodiazepines, Anti-psychotics-phenothiazine, MAOI, SSRI

128
Q

mental health act 2003

A

purely regarding management and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

No provision for treatment of physical problems, can have detained pts in the community on leave of absence,

129
Q

application of mental health act 2003

A

person has mental disorder,

  • treatment is available to help treat symptoms or condition worsening,

if no treatment then significant harm to the person or others,

because of the mental disorder, ability to make decision is significantly impaired,

  • use of compulsory power is necessary!
130
Q

mental capacity act 2005

A

England only!

The Act aims to empower and protect people who may not be able to make some decisions for themselves.

It also enables people to plan ahead in case they are unable to make important decisions for themselves in the future.

>16s have capacity

131
Q

scotland act for adults unable to make decisions

A

Adults with Incapacity Act 2000

132
Q

capacity 5 principles

A

understand what the treatment is, purpose, nature, why being done,

Understand main benefits and risks

  • and benefits and risk of alternatives and be able to make a decision,

Understand consequence of not having the treatment,

Retain the information,

Ability to communicate the decision (facilitated if necessary)

133
Q

5 AWI principles

A

benefit,

minimal intervention,

present and past wishes,

consultation with relevant others,

encourage residual capacity.

134
Q

who can consent for AWI

A

Welfare power of attorney or guardianship only can consent.

Not continuing power of attorney.

135
Q

general authority to tx under AWI

A

section 47 of AWIA

If Tx needed, certificate presented then dentist can perform Tx - outlined in certificate only

Dentist can give certificate but only for dental Tx. If carried out further training

136
Q

randomised control trial

A

used for clinical trials gold standard of study design. Strongest level of evidence of effectiveness of treatment.

Specification of participants (representative sample), randomisation by computer, control used (placebo or standard treatment) double blinding!

137
Q

cohort study

A

prospective study, establish a group and measure exposures, follow group over time, identify those that develop disease.

Used for estimating incidence and causes of disease.

138
Q

case control study

A

retrospective study, looks back to exposure of particular risk factor,

looks at potential cause of disease.

139
Q

Confidence interval

A

shows how confident/precision you can be with your estimate.

Narrow CI is better,

  • larger the sample the narrower the C.I is.
  • (contains 1 = not statistically valid)
140
Q

p value

A

probability of attaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one actually observed,

<0.05 data is significant

141
Q

null hypothesis

A

no relationship between two measured phenomena, drug not effective treatment

142
Q

F tablet dosage

A

6mths- 3 years: 0.25mg/d

3years-6years: 0.5 mg/d

6years+: 1 mg/d if high risk

143
Q

f toothpaste conc for ages

A

1000ppm up to 6years.

1350-1500ppm 6years+

high risk

  • 10+ 2800ppm
  • 16+ 5000ppm
144
Q

duraphat varnish (sodium fluoride) conc

A

22600ppm

145
Q

F mouthrinse

conc

age

A

225ppm

6+

146
Q

toxic f dose

A

1mg/kg body weight

147
Q

potentially lethal F dose

A

5mg/kg body weight

148
Q

certainly lethal F dose

A

32-64mg/kg body weight

149
Q

f toxicity symtoms (4)

A
  • nausea
  • abdominal pain
  • diarrhoea
  • vomitting
150
Q

5mg/kg F tx

A

give them calcium orally (milk)

observe

151
Q

5-15mg/kg F tx

A

give than calcium orally (milk)

get to hospital

152
Q

15+mg/kg F tx

A

get themt A&E

need IV calcium gluconate and cardiac monitoring

153
Q

tx fluorosis

A

acid micro abrasion

veneers

accept

154
Q

natural sources of F

A

fish, tea

salt (if fluoridated)

milk (if fluoridated)

155
Q

types of disability 5

A
  • physical
  • mental (leanring and/or social)
  • congenital
  • acquired through illness/trauma
  • sensory
156
Q

social concept disabilty

A

response to medical, society is an issue, needs to adapt.

157
Q

medical concept disability

A

People with disability are issue, need Tx/care, should adapt to environment and society.

158
Q

disability discrimination act 2005

A

GDP should not refuse to register/continue to treat because of disability, pt has right to info in a format accessible to them if reasonable, Access to facilities- adaption of surgery where reasonable

159
Q

impairment

A

loss or abnormality of physical bodily structure or function of logic-psychic origin, or physiological or anatomical origin (loss or abnormality of physical bodily function)

160
Q

disability

A

limitation or function loss deriving from impairment that prevents the performance of an activity in the time lapse considered normal for a human being.( limitation or function loss deriving from impairment)

161
Q

handicap

A

disadvantaged condition deriving from impairment or disability limiting a person performing a role considered normal in respect of age, sex, social and cultural factors. (limiting factors of disability)

162
Q

examples of how to adapt surgery for DDA

A

reasonable adjustments

Ramp, hand rail, wide doors, low desk at reception, consider turning of wheel chair, wide clutter free corridors, hoists, toilets, visible signs for visually impaired, hearing loop.

163
Q

physical appearance of CF

A

Barrel chested,

malnourished,

failure to thrive,

smaller than average,

finger clubbing

164
Q

symptoms CF

A

Coughing,

SOB, r

ecurring chest infections: staph aureus and p.aeruginosa,

wheeze

165
Q

possible medications for CF

A
  • oral pancreatic enzymes
  • supplements
  • Antibiotics for infections
    • Possible tetracycline-intrinsic staining,
  • beta2 agonists(salbutamol)
  • Anticholinergics.
166
Q

dental impact of CA

A
  • Delayed dental development,
  • enamel opacities,
  • increased calculus,
  • NO GA!! (pulmonary involvement),
  • increased bleeding (liver impairment),
  • tetracycline staining.
167
Q

masseter

A

superficial and deep heads

zygomatic arch to ramus and angle of mandible

elevates mandible

masseteric branch CNV3

168
Q

temporalis

A

temporal fossa on side of skull to coronoid process

elevates mandible and retracts it

deep temporal nerve branches of CNV3

169
Q

lateral pterygoid

A

superior head - base of skull (greater wing of sphenoid bone) to anterior side of condyle

inferior head - lateral ptergoid plate to pterygoid fovea

nerve to lateral pterygoid branch CNV3

depresses mandible, protrusion and lateral movements

170
Q

medial pterygoid

A

origin

  • superficial part: medial side of lateral pterygoid plate
  • deep part: maxillary tuberosity

insertion both - to medial side of ramus and angle of mandible

nerve to medial pterygoid CNV3

elevates mandible

171
Q

mandibular nerve CNV3

A

Passes through the foramen ovale - nerve to medial pterygoid,

then splits.

ANT division:

  • masseteric nerve (motor)
  • deep temporal nerves, anterior and posterior (motor)
  • buccal nerve (a sensory nerve)
  • lateral pterygoid nerve (motor)

Post division:

  • auriculo-temporal nerve(sensory)
  • lingual nerve (sensory)
  • inferior alveolar nerve (sensory)
    • nerve to Mylohyoid (motor)
    • mental nerve (sensory)

BDS3 Past Papers & Quizzes (14 decks)

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