Mobility Flashcards
How many bones are there in the skeleton?
206
What is the axial skeleton?
The axial skeleton contains the ribs, sternum, vertebral column, and skull.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton contains the pectoral girdles, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, and lower limbs.
What are the three types of muscle?
The three types of muscle are skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle.
Why are skeletal muscles important? How many are there?
Skeletal muscle is critical for physical mobility. Skeletal muscles attach to bones via tendons; thus, muscle contraction causes movement of the skeletal bones. The human body contains more than 640 skeletal muscles that are under voluntary control by the nervous system.
What do ligaments do?
Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form a joint. They strengthen and stabilize the joint and may limit the mobility of some joints.
What connects bones to other bones?
Ligaments connect bones to other bones to form a joint. They strengthen and stabilize the joint and may limit the mobility of some joints.
What do tendons do?
Tendons connect bones to muscles and carry the contractile forces from the muscle to the bone to cause movement.
What connects bones to muscles?
Tendons
What type of flexible connective tissue is found throughout the body?
Cartilage is a type of flexible connective tissue found throughout the body. For example, cartilage connects the ribs to the sternum, covers the epiphyses of long bones to cushion the joint, and provides structure for the nose. Cartilage is less flexible than muscle, but not as rigid as bones. Of these three types of connective tissue, cartilage is the only one that does not contain blood vessels.
What type of connective tissue does not contain blood vessals?
The cartilage
What type of tissue connects the ribs and the sternum?
the cartilage
What type of tissue covers the epiphysis of the long bones to provide cusioning?
The cartilage
What type of tissue gives structure to the nose?
Cartilage
What are four properties of muscles (the three e’s and a c)
Excitability, extendibility, contractibility, and elasticity
Excitability, extendibility, contractibility and elasticity are properties of what?
muscle
What are the dangers of immobility for a patient? What medical conditions can it cause?
Along with exacerbating existing musculoskeletal impairment, immobility can lead to a host of other problems, including atelectasis (collapse of one or more sections of the lungs) and pneumonia; decreased gastrointestinal motility and paralytic ileus; and impaired tissue perfusion, which can predispose the patient to developing pressure injuries.
What conditions may limit mobility?
Conditions that may limit mobility include pain, fatigue, respiratory disorders, cardiovascular disease, nervous system disorders, and musculoskeletal diseases or injuries.
What are some conditions that will be exacerbated or caused by immobility?
Immobility may cause or affect problems with constipation, decubitus ulcers, metabolic disorders, depression, coping, or spirituality.
Why might a nurse take special care in making sure that the home of a patient with mild to moderate severe Alzeheimer’s is free from rugs and objects that might lead to falls?
For example, Suttanon and colleagues (2012) identified balance and mobility impairments in patients with mild to moderately severe Alzheimer disease (AD).
Why is it important to take folic acid during pregnancy?
Taking folic acid during pregnancy is known to reduce the risk of spina bifida (myelomeningocele), which can cause partial or complete loss of sensation and paralysis of the legs.
The lack of folic acid in pregnancy is associated with what disease?
spina bifida (myelomeningocele)
What genetic disorders impact mobility?
- muscular distrophy (MD): progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles 2. Marfan syndrome: a disorder of the connective tissues that affects the lungs, heart, blood vessals, eyes and skeleton. Causes long limbs and is associated with pain, numbness and weakness. 3. Amotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) a neurologic disorder that affects the neurons responsible for voluntary muscle movements. Symptoms include weaknesss, paralysis in limbs, slurred speech, trouble swallowing, muscle cramps and difficulty breathing. 4. Ellis-van Creveld Syndrome: a rare disorder that affects bone growth. It may cause a cleft lip or palate, polydactyly, tooth abnormalities or shortened arms/legs. Other disorders that may have a genetic component: rheumatoid arthritis, gout, developmental dysplasia of the hip, ankylosing spondylits, lupus
What is Muscular Distrophy?
A genetic condition: muscular distrophy (MD): progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles