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Techniques > Mobility 1 > Flashcards

Mobility 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Ergonomics is undertaken in an effort to_________

A

avoid injuries

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2
Q

What are the 4 elements of body movement

A
  • Posture alignment
  • Joint mobility
  • Balance
  • Coordination
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3
Q

What is mobility

A

The ability to move freely and easily independently

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4
Q

What can immobility lead to

A

fluid stasis and shortening of muscles

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5
Q

Prolonged immobility can lead to…

A
  • deconditioning
  • muscle weakness
  • infections
  • risk of thrombosis
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6
Q

What are two postural abnormalities

A
  • Lordosis

- Kyphosis (hunchback)

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7
Q

What is the difference between hemipyliga and hemiperisis?

A

Pyliga: half of the body paralysis
Perisis: weakness to one side of body

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8
Q

What are some pathological influences on mobility

A
  • Postural abnormalities
  • Impaired muscle development
  • Damage to CNS
  • Musculoskeletal Trauma
  • Illness/disease process
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9
Q

What can be some other influences on mobility

A
  • Medication
  • Motivation
  • Knowledge deficit (babies)
  • Restraints
  • Bed rest
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10
Q

What are activities of daily living

A

Peoples self care daily activities

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11
Q

Can mobility affect communication?

A

Yes, non verbal communication

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12
Q

Alteration in mobility can cause risk for______

A

impairment in each body system

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13
Q

How can impaired mobility affect children’s growth and development in 3 ways

A
  • Delay gross motor skills
  • Intellectual development
  • Musculoskeletal development
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14
Q

How can impaired mobility affect adolescents in 3 ways?

A
  • Lag in peers in gaining independence
  • Accomplishing skills (drivers license)
  • Social isolation risk
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15
Q

How can impaired mobility affect adults in 2 ways?

A
  • All systems at risk

- Risk for role changes

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16
Q

How can impaired mobility affect older adults in 2 ways?

A
  • increased physical dependance on others

- accelerates functional losses

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17
Q

How can impaired mobility affect metabolism

A

Cause a negative nitrogen balance, can cause decreased GI motility and calcium resorption

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18
Q

Explain negative nitrogen balance (how it happens)

A

Sickness= decrease appetite = decreased protein= less aa’s = weight loss= muscle weakening= nitrogen increase= negative nitrogen balance

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19
Q

What is calcium resorption?

A

Calcium is released into circulation, increased urine calcium which can cause kidney stones

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20
Q

How can impaired mobility affect the respiratory system? Explain both

A
  • Atelectasis: collapsing of the alveoli

- Hypostatic Pneumonia: inflammation of lungs from stasis of pooling secretions

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21
Q

What are 3 ways that impaired mobility affects the cardiovascular system

A
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Increased cardiac workload
  • Thrombus formation
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22
Q

What are 4 ways impaired mobility can affect the musculoskeletal system

A
  • Loss of endurance, strength and muscle mass
  • Impaired joint mobility
  • Increased risk of falls
  • Impaired calcium metabolism
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23
Q

What is a contracture?

A

Fixation of a joint

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24
Q

Where is hypercalcemia?

A

Less dense bone because there is more calcium in your blood

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25
Q

What can impaired mobility do to effect the urinary system

A
  • Increased risk of UTI

- Increased risk for renal calculi

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26
Q

Why would there be an increased for risk of UTI because of impaired mobility

A
  • Urinary stasis
  • Incomplete emptying of the bladder
  • Bad perineal hygiene
  • Increased urine concentration due to decreased fluid intake
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27
Q

What does renal calculi mean

A

Kidney stones

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28
Q

What can cause increased risk for renal calculi due to impaired mobility?

A
  • Urinary stasis
  • Altered calcium metabolism
  • Concentrated urine
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29
Q

How can impaired mobility have an effect on the integumentary system?

A
  • Pressure ulcers

- Secondary friction and shearing

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30
Q

What can impaired mobility do to someones psychological wellbeing

A
  • Decreased social interaction/isolation
  • Sensory deprivation
  • Role change
  • Independence loss
  • Sleep wake alterations
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31
Q

How can we help metabolism when someone has decreased mobility

A
  • Diet (increase protein, calories and vitamin C and zinc)

- Monitor Weight

32
Q

How can we help the respiratory system when patient has immobility in 7 ways

A
  • Position change q2h
  • Deep breathing/ coughing every hour
  • Incentive spirometry (get alveoli to expand)
  • Adequate hydration
  • Chest physiotherapy
  • Suction secretions as needed
  • Assess respirations, breath sounds and sputum
33
Q

If someone has fluid in left lung, what positioning would make them more comfortable?

A

Laying on left side so that right lung can fully expand

34
Q

What are 6 ways to promote cardiovascular health for a patient who is immobile

A
  • Mobilize as soon as possible
  • Change position slowly/gradually
  • Raise to fowlers 10 minutes before standing
  • Dangle feet before standing
  • Avoid valsalva maneuver
  • Aware of thrombosis
35
Q

What is the Valsalva Maneuver

A

What we do on planes to pop our ears

36
Q

What are 4 ways to promote musculoskeletal system when patient is immobilized

A
  • Ambulate
  • Exercise ROM and isometric exercises
  • Proper support and alignment
  • Use of assistive devices
37
Q

How to be promote ‘elimination’ when a patient is immobilized

A
  • Adequate hydration
  • Assess urinary output
  • Catheterize for retention when needed
  • Diet of fruit, veggies and fibre
  • Assess bowel moments
  • Stool softness, etc
38
Q

What are 4 ways to promote integumentary system during immobilization

A
  • Reposition every 2 hours
  • Skin care
  • Pressure offloading devices
  • Therapeutic sleep surfaces
39
Q

What are 4 ways to promote psychosocial health in an immobilized patient

A
  • Provide routine socialization
  • Provide stimuli to maintain orientation
  • Encourage ADL’s
  • Minimize sleep interruptions
40
Q

What is isometric exercise

A

Joint angle and muscle length do not change

41
Q

What is isotonic exercise?

A

muscle contraction occurs without movement of body parts

42
Q

What is isokinetic exercise?

A

Range of motion, muscle movement with constant rate of motion

43
Q

What should we teach patients about post exercise recovery?

A

Teach about overexertion and regular rest periods

44
Q

What does ACES stand for

A

A: alert, energetic
C: cooperative
E: extremities working enough for transfer
S: sits unsupported

45
Q

What is the orthopneic position?

A

Patient in sitting position or over beside table, leaning forward

46
Q

When would we use orthopneic position?

A

COPD or congestive heart failure

47
Q

What is the dorsal recumbent position

A

Supine except shoulders slightly elevated (on pillow)

48
Q

What is the only position that allows for full extension of hip and knee joints?

A

Prone

49
Q

What is the lateral position?

A

Lies on side with top leg in front of bottom leg, hip and knees flexed

50
Q

What can lateral position be good for?

A

To reduce lordosis, and reduces pressure on sacrum

51
Q

What is the Sims or semi prone position?

A

Halfway between lateral and prone position

52
Q

What is 30 degree lateral position?

A

Halfway between supine and lateral

53
Q

When would the trendelenburg position be used?

A
  • Boost patient to top of bed
  • For chest excretions
  • Increase venous return
  • Inserting PIK line
54
Q

What should we assess on a patient before repositioning (6 things)

A
  • Degree of exertion allowed
  • Activity tolerance
  • Ability to assist
  • Ability to understand/follow instructions
  • Weight
  • Pain
55
Q

What should the nurse assist about themselves before repositioning a patient?

A
  • Strength/ability to move patient
  • Assistive devices available
  • Plan to care for IV’s, etc
  • Aware of effects of patents meds to alter alertness, strength and mobility
56
Q

What should the nurse assist about themselves before repositioning a patient?

A
  • Strength/ability to move patient
  • Assistive devices available
  • Plan to care for IV’s, etc
  • Aware of effects of patents meds to alter alertness, strength and mobility
57
Q

What are the 4 P’s.

A

Pain, potty, positioning and possessions

58
Q

What are the guidelines to be able to use transfer belt

A

Patient needs to be able to fully weight bear once standing

59
Q

Which side is a cane held on?

A

Held on strong side

60
Q

Cane moves forward along with ______ leg

A

Weak

61
Q

What order do we move walker with our steps

A

Move walker then take step

62
Q

How high should crutches be on patent

A

3-4 finger widths from axilla

63
Q

When going up stairs, which leg goes first? Going down?

A

Unaffected up first , affected down first

64
Q

What is the max weight a person should lift without an assistive device?

A

35 pounds

65
Q

Where should pillows be placed for supporting prone position

A

Pillow under head, under abdomen, feet over end of mattress or pillow under lower legs

66
Q

Where should support be placed for lateral position

A

Head and neck, upper arm, leg and thigh

67
Q

Dehydration can lead to increased risk of _____ when in bed

A

Pressure ulcers

68
Q

What is a static low air loss bed?

A

4-5 air filled cushions which allow pressure to be reduced but increase body area support

69
Q

What is an active LAL bed?

A

like a low air loss bed but it gently pulsates from side to side to stimulate capillary blood flow and stimulates pulmonary secretion movement

70
Q

What is an air fluidized bed?

A

air moves around tiny silicone coated beads producing fluid like movement

71
Q

What is hemiplegia?

A

Loss of movement on one side of body

72
Q

How long should client be sitting up before ambulation?

A

1 minute

73
Q

What are some falling risks for older adults?

A
  • Medications
  • Neurological disorders
  • Orthopedic problems
  • Environmental hazards
  • Orthostatic hypotension
74
Q

What is a lofstrand crutch

A

Extends to forearm, has metal cuff around forearm

75
Q

What is the 4 point alternate gait?

A

Move right crutch ahead, move left foot forward, move left crutch, right foot

76
Q

What is a 3 point gait?

A

Move both crutches, weaker foot then stronger foot

77
Q

What is 2 point gait?

A

move left crutch and right foot forward, then right crutch left foot

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