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Techniques > Medication Administration 1 > Flashcards

Medication Administration 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is medication?

A

A substance used in prevention of disease, diagnosis, relief of a symptom, treatment or cure of health alterations

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2
Q

What are 7 responsibilities a nurse has related to medication?

A
  • Interpret
  • Transcribe
  • Prepare
  • Administer
  • Teach
  • Document
  • Evaluate patients response to meds
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3
Q

What would a nurse TEACH a patient about medication?

A
  • Side effects
  • Purpose
  • Directions
  • Frequency
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4
Q

Can student nurses transcribe medication?

A

NO

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5
Q

What does the chemical name of a medication mean?

A

It is the first name given and describes chemical components/molecular structure

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6
Q

What does the generic medication name mean?

A

It is a shortened chemical name given by the first manufacturer

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7
Q

What does the trade/brand name mean?

A

Name given by manufacturer for marketing

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8
Q

What generally is the reason for drug classification?

A

Indicates the effects of medication on the body, the symptoms it relieves or the desired effects

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9
Q

What are some examples of drug classifications?

A
  • Beta blockers
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Anticoagulants
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10
Q

Is it possible for a drug to have more than one classification

A

Yes

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11
Q

What two classifications does Tylenol have?

A
  • Analgesic

- Antipyretic

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12
Q

The drug form determines ______

A

it’s route of administration

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13
Q

What influences a medications absorption and metabolism?

A

it’s composition

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14
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

The study of how medications enter the body, reach their site of action and exit the body

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15
Q

What are the 4 steps of pharmacokinetics?

A
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
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16
Q

Each step in pharmacokinetics is influenced by what two things?

A
  • Route of administration

- Functioning of body organs

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17
Q

What does absorption mean in pharmacokinetics?

A
  • Movement of medication from where it entered body to bloodstream
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18
Q

What are 5 factors that influence absorption of a medication?

A
  • Route of administration
  • Ability of medication to dissolve
  • Blood flow to site of administration
  • Body Surface area
  • Lipid solubility
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19
Q

Why would lipid solubility affect absorption of medication?

A

High lipid solubility absorbs quicker because a cell membrane has a lipid layer

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20
Q

Which absorbs faster: acidic or alkaline?

A

Acidic

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21
Q

What does distribution mean in pharmacokinetics?

A

Transport of medication via bloodstream to site of drug action

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22
Q

What are two factors that influence drug distribution?

A
  • Properties of medication

- Physiology

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23
Q

What are some reasons physiology could play a role in drug distribution throughout the body

A
  • Circulation
  • Membrane permeability (ex. blood brain barrier, only lipids can pass through)
  • Protein binding
  • Amount of medication
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24
Q

What can lower albumin in blood mean for medication distribution?

A

Less= more free medication, which can lead to toxicity

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25
Q

What is the first pass effect?

A

The concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation
( the first pass through the liver greatly affects bioavailability of the drug)

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26
Q

What is bioavailability

A

the proportion of a drug or other substance that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and so is able to have an active effect.

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27
Q

What is metabolism in regards to pharmacokinetics

A

The breakdown of medication into an inactive/less active form

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28
Q

How does metabolism occur?

A

As enzymes detoxify, degrade and remove biologically active chemicals

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29
Q

Where can biotransformation occur?

A

Mostly in liver

Can occur in lungs, kidneys, blood and intestines

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30
Q

If kidneys aren’t functioning, what can there be a risk of when taking medication?

A

Toxicity

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31
Q

What is excretion in regards to pharmacokinetics?

A

Process of medication exiting the body through the lungs, exocrine glands, bowel, kidneys and lungs

32
Q

What determines which organs excretes a medication?

A

Chemical makeup

33
Q

What is the ‘half life’ of a medication

A

The amount of time it takes for 50% of the medication to be eliminated from the blood stream

34
Q

What is the therapeutic effect of a medication?

A

The intended/desired physiological response of a med

35
Q

It is possible for a medication to have more than one therapeutic effect?

A

Yes, e.g. aspirin

36
Q

What is an adverse effect of a drug

A

The unintended effect of a medication, either harmless or detrimental

37
Q

What are 4 adverse effects of a medication?

A
  • Side effect
  • Toxic effect
  • Idiosyncratic effect (unpredictable effect)
  • Allergic reaction
38
Q

What does a medication interaction mean?

A
  • Occurs when one med modifies the action of another med
39
Q

Can medication interactions include over the counter drugs

A

Yes

40
Q

What can occur if there is a medical interaction

A

Can increase or diminish actions of other meds and alter absorption, metabolism or elimination from body

41
Q

What is a synergistic effect mean?

A

When the combined effect of 2 meds is greater than the meds given separately

42
Q

What is the goal when giving a medication?

A

To achieve a constant blood level of a medication within safe therapeutic range

43
Q

How would we be able to maintain constant therapeutic concentration of a drug in bloodstream?

A

Regularly scheduled doses because a portion of drug is always being excreted

44
Q

When should a medication be given to maintain constant therapeutic levels?

A

When previous dose reaches half life

45
Q

What are the 3 time intervals of medication action? Explain each

A

Onset
Peak: max effect
Trough: the lowest amount of drug detected in system

46
Q

What is a medication order?

A

A written direction given regarding treatment or medication

47
Q

What are the 7 essential parts of a drug order?

A
  • Patient name
  • Date/time order written
  • Drug name
  • Drug dose
  • Administration frequency
  • Route of Administration
  • Signature of prescriber
48
Q

As a student nurse, can you take verbal orders?

A

No

49
Q

What is medication reconciliation?

A

The process of creating the most accurate list possible of all the med’s a patient is taking

50
Q

How does one do medication reconciliation?

A

By comparing patients list against health care providers order

51
Q

What is the goal of medication reconciliation?

A

To increase patient safety by providing the correct medications to the patient at all transition points thus preventing adverse reactions

52
Q

Where should medication reconciliation be implemented?

A

In all healthcare facilities

53
Q

What are forms of medication supply?

A

Individual dose packets, stock supply, etc

54
Q

What is a unit dose system?

A

Portable medication carts, each patient gets a drawer with a 24 hour supply of medication for each patient

55
Q

What are 4 things a nurse is accountable for when administering medication?

A

Knowing: which meds are ordered

  • Reason for the med
  • Effect of the medication
  • Nursing implications associated with med
56
Q

When administering medication, the nurse is responsible for performing a physical assessment to determine…?

A
  • If the medication is safe to administer

- If patient education is required

57
Q

What 4 things are nurses responsible when administering the drug (and afterward)

A
  • Correctly administering
  • Monitoring effect of the drug
  • Documenting
  • Responding to and reporting any reactions
58
Q

What are the 10 rights of Medication Administration?

A
  • Patient
  • Medication
  • Dose
  • Route
  • Time/frequency
  • Documentation
  • Reason
  • Right to refusal
  • Right patient education
  • Right Evaluation
59
Q

Would the dose change if we use a different route to administer?

A

YES

60
Q

Is TID and every 8 hrs the same?

A

NO

61
Q

What is required when giving PRN meds?

A

Nursing assessment to determine safe and appropriate time for administration

62
Q

What 4 things can a nurse do to increase patent safety in regards to documentation

A
  • Accurate documentation
  • Ensure med isn’t already given
  • Only sign MAR once administered, documenting assessment data
  • Document if med not given and why
63
Q

What are some things nurses need to pay attention to when researching a medication?

A
  • Nursing implications
  • Pre-admin assessments
  • Contraindications
64
Q

What would we do if we find orders that are contraindicated or exceed recommended limits?

A

Verify order with prescriber

65
Q

What do we do, if a patient refuses medication

A
  • Ask for reason
  • Ensure patient is fully informed about reason for med and potential consequences if not taken
  • Notify prescriber, document refusal and reason
66
Q

When educating a patient about medication, what must we include?

A
  • Reason for medication
  • Its action
  • Possible side effects
  • Any special precautions
67
Q

What must we evaluate once we administer medication

A
  • Monitor effectiveness by conducting appropriate assessments
  • Side effects
  • Adverse reactions
  • Drug interactions
68
Q

What are the 7 rights that should be done in your 3 checks before administering medication

A
  • Patient
  • Medication
  • Dose
  • Route
  • Time
  • Reason
  • Documentation
69
Q

What are some contraindications that can accompany oral medications

A
  • Nausea/Vomiting
  • GI alterations: ileus (lack of bowel movement), obstruction
  • Gastric suction
  • Unconscious
  • Increased RR
70
Q

What is one thing to remember when giving sublingual and buccal meds

A

Should not have anything to eat/drink immediately after administration

71
Q

When dealing with a difficult patient, what should we do when administering oral medication?

A

Give the most important ones first incase patient will not take all

72
Q

Who regulates practice standards for medication administration?

A

College of Registered Nurses

73
Q

What are high alert medications?

A

Medications more prone to be given incorrectly

74
Q

What department regulations medication on a federal level? What do they do that

A

Health Canada, approves and regulates food/drug quality and safety

75
Q

What does the province do to regulate medication?

A

Manage health care services, regulate health care personnel/scope of practice and financial details of distribution

76
Q

What are the different schedule of drugs?

A

Schedule 1: prescription
Schedule 2: Behind counter, no prescription
Schedule 3: Area in pharmacy with self selection
Unscheduled: sold from any retail outlets

77
Q

What are DIN numbers found on?

A

Prescription and over-the-counter drugs

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