Infection Control

Question 1

What is the goal of infection control?

Answer 1

Break the chain

Question 2

What is an infection?

Answer 2

The invasion and multiplication of a pathogen in or on body tissue causing clinal manifestations

Question 3

When can normal or resident flora cause infections

Answer 3

• When it goes into a place where it is not normally found
• A susceptible person
• When getting treated for something else

Question 4

What is a systemic infection? Is it the same as sepsis?

Answer 4

affects more than one area of the body. Different than sepsis

Question 5

What is a nosocomial infection? Give an example

Answer 5

Infection acquired by patient while in a hospital

Ex. pneumonia

Question 6

What is a Iatrogenic infection? Give an example

Answer 6

A nosocomial infection that is a result of a diagnostic/therapeutic treatment.
Ex. catheterization

Question 7

What is a disease outbreak?

Answer 7

the occurrence of cases of disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a defined community, geographical area or season

Question 8

What is a “superbug”

Answer 8

Antibiotic Resistant Organisms

Question 9

What are some examples of ARO’s?

Answer 9

MRSA and VRE

Question 10

What are the 6 links in a chain of infection?

Answer 10

1. Infectious Agent
2. Reservoir
3. Portal of Exit
4. Means of Transmission
5. Portal of Entry
6. Susceptible Host

Question 11

What is a pathogen?

Answer 11

A type of microorganism that can cause infection

Question 12

What is an exogenous vs endogenous infection?

Answer 12

Exo: outside
Endo: internal

Question 13

What is the difference between colonization and infection?

Answer 13

Colonization: germs in the body that can make others sick but doesn’t effect you
Infection: Germs in the body that make you sick and provoke a immune response

Question 14

What is a reservoir?

Answer 14

A environment that supports the microorganism and allows it to remain in its current state and multiply

Question 15

What is a portal of exit?

Answer 15

Path by which a pathogen leaves the reservoir

Question 16

What are the most common portal of exits

Answer 16

Mucous membrane

Question 17

What is the means of transmission?

Answer 17

How the microorganism gets from point A to point B

Question 18

What are the 5 modes of transmission?

Answer 18

1. Contact (direct and indirect)
2. Droplet
3. Airborne
4. Common vehicle
5. Vector- Borne

Question 19

What is the difference between direct and indirect contact when transmitting a microorganism?

Answer 19

Direct: occurs when they are transferred by direct physical contact with infected patient
Indirect: when a microorganism is transferred via inadiment object

Question 20

What is droplet transmission?

Answer 20

When droplets bigger than 5 microns get transferred through the air to a distance less than 2 meters from an individuals respiratory tract during coughing onto mucous membranes

Question 21

Give an example of droplet transmission

Answer 21

Ebola or SARS

Question 22

What is airborne transmission?

Answer 22

When microoganisms travel through the air that are smaller than 5 microns on dust particles

Question 23

What is common vehicle transmission?

Answer 23

A single contaminated source that may result in a large-scale outbreak or spreads to multiple hosts

Question 24

What are examples of common vehicle transmission?

Answer 24

Food, water sources and medications

Question 25

What is vector-borne transmission?

Answer 25

Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans

Question 26

What are examples of vector borne transmitted diseases?

Answer 26

• Lyme disease

- West- nile

Question 27

What is the portal of entry?

Answer 27

Same as the portal of exit

Question 28

How do you stop the spread of an infectious agent?

Answer 28

break the chain at any point

Question 29

What is asepsis?

Answer 29

Absence of pathogens

Question 30

What is the most important way to prevent the transmission of microorganism?

Answer 30

Hand hygiene

Question 31

What does PCRA stand for

Answer 31

Point of risk assessment

Question 32

When would we perform this

Answer 32

To determine what PPE is needed

Question 33

When are gloves needed?

Answer 33

When your hands may come in contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes or non intact skin

Question 34

When do we wear gowns?

Answer 34

During activities that may cause soiling or generate splashes or sprays of blood or body fluids

Question 35

When should we use facial protection?

Answer 35

• To protect from splashes or sprays
• As a barrier for infectious sources
• As a barrier when performing aseptic/sterile procedures
• To protect susceptible hosts when within 2 meters

Question 36

When would we wear a N95 respirator?

Answer 36

For infectious airborne diseases and specific aerosol generating medical procedures

Question 37

What are the two tiers of precautions

Answer 37

1: routine practices (standard precautions)
2: Additional precautions (airborne, droplet or contact)

Question 38

What is the difference between an open and closed bed?

Answer 38

Open: top covers folded down to make it easier for client to enter
Closed: Top sheet, blanket and bedspread are drawn up under the pillow

Question 39

What is the difference when making a surgical bed?

Answer 39

Fold sheets to one side so when person gets transferred in, the sheets can be pulled over