mobile and theatre radiogrpahy

Question 1

what are 6 issues that come along with busing mobile radiography

Answer 1

• unfamiliar environment
• radiation protection
• SID
• exposure
• use of grids
• assistance with patient

Question 2

what are 2 types of mobile units

Answer 2

philips and siemans

Question 3

what frequency do mobile units function at compared to room units

Answer 3

36kw competed to room which has 65 kw

Question 4

what is the kVp and mAs range a mobile unit has

Answer 4

10-110 kVp

0.2-360 mAs

Question 5

why would a mobile unit need to connect to wifi

Answer 5

to network patient data and images

Question 6

what is the size and type of anode found in a mobile unit

Answer 6

rotating anode 0.7/0.8mm

Question 7

why do the wheels of a mobile one have anti-static rubber

Answer 7

for electrical safety

Question 8

what helps the mobile xray from toppling due to its tubes

Answer 8

counter balance/weight

Question 9

how long is the tube support extension in mobile xray

Answer 9

1.25m

Question 10

how long is the tube supports focal spot height

Answer 10

2.13m

Question 11

how does a mobile xray measure dosage

Answer 11

DAP meter

Question 12

what is the adv and dis of having to plug the mobile xray into mains

Answer 12

adv:
- no additional or specialist plug required
- can examine multiple patients from one charge

dis:
- plugging in increases trip hazard

Question 13

why is it important to keep mobile xray plugged even when not in use

Answer 13

batteries will run down

Question 14

how is a battery operated mobile unit able to make exposure of 70kV

Answer 14

• uses 2 different sets of batteries (lead-acid or nickel-cadmium)
• one powers driving of machine
• other 20kw provides power to xray tube

Question 15

roughly how many images can a fully charged mobile unit take

Answer 15

10-15

Question 16

what is the minimum distance a radiographer must stand away from patient in mobile imaging

Answer 16

2m

Question 17

during a mobile AP chest XR the radiographer must stand 90 degrees to primary beam and object

Question 18

what are 2 safety measures during mobile imaging

Answer 18

• inform all in near area to evacuate to avoid exposure
• or provide lead protection to those who cannot leave the area

Question 19

what are 2 types of patients in isolation rooms

Answer 19

1. patients who have infectious microorganisms that can spread
2. patients who need protection from lethal microorganisms than can be carried by others

Question 20

what is the general protocol taken when examining someone in a self isolating room

Answer 20

• announce presence to staff and ask for assistance if needed
• determine correct patient is in room
• introduce urself to patient and or family in room and explain procedure
• observe medical equipment in room and move as needed
• ask family/ visitors to leave

Question 21

what equipment is used in theatre for dynamic imaging

Answer 21

c-arm

Question 22

what are adv of using c-arm

Answer 22

high resolution

xray images in real time

allows surgeon to monitor progress during operation

Question 23

what does c-arm use to form images

Answer 23

fluroscopy

Question 24

what type of table is needed in an operating theatre room

Answer 24

a cantilevered table thats adaptable

Question 25

why is the cart required in an operating theatre

Answer 25

holds 2 monitions 1 for live dynamic images and 1 for static images holds keyboard for patient data holds touch screen monitors to change orientation or select functions

Question 26

why is it helpful to place the cart in a position where the surgeon and radiologist can both see

Answer 26

it doesnt require a scrub nurse to come help

Question 27

how is a c-arm wheeled

Answer 27

using a level that makes ti go forwards backwards and sidewards

Question 28

how are you able to find the patient id on the cart

Answer 28

download worklist via wifi or cable and select patient from list

Question 29

when will AEC NOT be used (aec is typically always there)

Answer 29

if theres high or low density artefact affecting automatic exposure

Question 30

what type of exposure will you give extremities such as chest during c-arm

Answer 30

use the presets on system

Question 31

why must the kV in c-arms be manually controlled

Answer 31

to compensate for the metal in the middle of the image

Question 32

what shape collimation is in c-arm

Answer 32

circular (may be additional straight shutters)

Question 33

what material filter is used in c-arm

Answer 33

aluminium

Question 34

how do we insure the sterility of the c-arm during an operation

Answer 34

- discuss in advanced what parts of c-arm need to be draped - touch only inside of plastic drape/ shower cap - cover the lower part if theres lots of body fluid

Question 35

define pulsed fluroscopy

Answer 35

delivers short pulses of XR beams at adjustable rate of pulses per second

Question 36

define continuous fluroscopy

Answer 36

you hold your thumb on exposure button only for as long as it takes to see an image last image made is held on the monitor as the final image

Question 37

between pulsed and continuous fluroscopy, which has better dose reduction

Answer 37

continuous

Question 38

what is the process of image formation in a c-arm

Answer 38

xrays hit the image intensifier within the image intensifier, - xrays hit CSI crystals which convert it into photons - photons then hit photoelectrodes and releases electrons - electrons are accelerated by voltage of 25kv - focussed by electrodes on the sides - electrons strike output phospor which releases light - light is picked up by CCD - CCD turns light into digital image

Question 39

how does a c-arm with a flat detector (dr technology) differ from a normal one?

Answer 39

the flat panel is a digital development of image intensifier intensity of incoming xrays are directly converted to digital value

Question 40

what are the dis and adv of c-arm with image intensifier comapred to flat detecotr

Answer 40

with flat detector: adv : dispensing electron optics allows for distortion free image so better image quality dis: more expensive

Question 41

what checklist is used as part of surgical safety

Answer 41

WHO checklist