mobile and theatre radiogrpahy Flashcards
what are 6 issues that come along with busing mobile radiography
- unfamiliar environment
- radiation protection
- SID
- exposure
- use of grids
- assistance with patient
what are 2 types of mobile units
philips and siemans
what frequency do mobile units function at compared to room units
36kw competed to room which has 65 kw
what is the kVp and mAs range a mobile unit has
10-110 kVp
0.2-360 mAs
why would a mobile unit need to connect to wifi
to network patient data and images
what is the size and type of anode found in a mobile unit
rotating anode 0.7/0.8mm
why do the wheels of a mobile one have anti-static rubber
for electrical safety
what helps the mobile xray from toppling due to its tubes
counter balance/weight
how long is the tube support extension in mobile xray
1.25m
how long is the tube supports focal spot height
2.13m
how does a mobile xray measure dosage
DAP meter
what is the adv and dis of having to plug the mobile xray into mains
adv:
- no additional or specialist plug required
- can examine multiple patients from one charge
dis:
- plugging in increases trip hazard
why is it important to keep mobile xray plugged even when not in use
batteries will run down
how is a battery operated mobile unit able to make exposure of 70kV
- uses 2 different sets of batteries (lead-acid or nickel-cadmium)
- one powers driving of machine
- other 20kw provides power to xray tube
roughly how many images can a fully charged mobile unit take
10-15
what is the minimum distance a radiographer must stand away from patient in mobile imaging
2m
during a mobile AP chest XR the radiographer must stand 90 degrees to primary beam and object
what are 2 safety measures during mobile imaging
- inform all in near area to evacuate to avoid exposure
- or provide lead protection to those who cannot leave the area
what are 2 types of patients in isolation rooms
- patients who have infectious microorganisms that can spread
- patients who need protection from lethal microorganisms than can be carried by others
what is the general protocol taken when examining someone in a self isolating room
- announce presence to staff and ask for assistance if needed
- determine correct patient is in room
- introduce urself to patient and or family in room and explain procedure
- observe medical equipment in room and move as needed
- ask family/ visitors to leave
what equipment is used in theatre for dynamic imaging
c-arm
what are adv of using c-arm
high resolution
xray images in real time
allows surgeon to monitor progress during operation
what does c-arm use to form images
fluroscopy
what type of table is needed in an operating theatre room
a cantilevered table thats adaptable
why is the cart required in an operating theatre
holds 2 monitions
1 for live dynamic images and 1 for static images
holds keyboard for patient data
holds touch screen monitors to change orientation or select functions
why is it helpful to place the cart in a position where the surgeon and radiologist can both see
it doesnt require a scrub nurse to come help
how is a c-arm wheeled
using a level that makes ti go forwards backwards and sidewards
how are you able to find the patient id on the cart
download worklist via wifi or cable and select patient from list
when will AEC NOT be used (aec is typically always there)
if theres high or low density artefact affecting automatic exposure
what type of exposure will you give extremities such as chest during c-arm
use the presets on system
why must the kV in c-arms be manually controlled
to compensate for the metal in the middle of the image
what shape collimation is in c-arm
circular (may be additional straight shutters)
what material filter is used in c-arm
aluminium
how do we insure the sterility of the c-arm during an operation
- discuss in advanced what parts of c-arm need to be draped
- touch only inside of plastic drape/ shower cap
- cover the lower part if theres lots of body fluid
define pulsed fluroscopy
delivers short pulses of XR beams at adjustable rate of pulses per second
define continuous fluroscopy
you hold your thumb on exposure button only for as long as it takes to see an image
last image made is held on the monitor as the final image
between pulsed and continuous fluroscopy, which has better dose reduction
continuous
what is the process of image formation in a c-arm
xrays hit the image intensifier
within the image intensifier,
- xrays hit CSI crystals which convert it into photons
- photons then hit photoelectrodes and releases electrons
- electrons are accelerated by voltage of 25kv
- focussed by electrodes on the sides
- electrons strike output phospor which releases light
- light is picked up by CCD
- CCD turns light into digital image
how does a c-arm with a flat detector (dr technology) differ from a normal one?
the flat panel is a digital development of image intensifier
intensity of incoming xrays are directly converted to digital value
what are the dis and adv of c-arm with image intensifier comapred to flat detecotr
with flat detector:
adv : dispensing electron optics allows for distortion free image so better image quality
dis: more expensive
what checklist is used as part of surgical safety
WHO checklist
