Imaging modalities Flashcards
How do radiodense and radiolucent structures appear on medical images?
radiodense structures appear bright e.g bone
radiolucent structures appear dark
what are some advantages and disadvantages of x-rays?
ADV:
- quick
- accessible
- low cost
- low radiation dose
DIS:
- not as good
- uses radiation
- single 2D views
What is digital tomosynthesis?
three-dimensional mammogram that uses X-rays to obtain sectional images of the breast, which are then reconstructed into a 3D volume.
What is fluoroscopy cerebral anagram?
contrast injected into the carotid artery (major brain vessels that provide brains blood supply), which specified the cerebral arterial vessels
What does RF stand for and what does it do?
Radiography fluroscopy
continuous or pulsed x-rays produce a series of images
What imaging modality is used with fluoroscopy?
movable c-arm (may vary)
Discuss what happens when fluoroscopy contrast is swallowed
- contrast is swallowed whilst pulsed X-ray taken
- equipment may vary from c-arm
-multiple angles taken
-contrast followed down to stomach and traced through the bowels with static images
give some ADV and DIS of radiographic fluoroscopy
ADV:
- records multiple images
- can measure element of function
- guide for therapeutic procedures
- versatile
DIS:
- variable radiation dose
- 2D images usually
- most applications require contrast
- therapeutic procedure take time
Give some examples of why you might undergo a fluoroscopy
- evaluation of GI tract
- vessel angiography
- sialography (tear ducts/salivary glands)
- evaluate where contrast is injected
- evaluate movement
What does US stand for?
Ultrasound
How does an ultrasound work?
sound waves reflected by changed in soft tissue density.
They originate from the probe and reflections also picked up
When will a high frequency or low frequency probe be better during an ultrasound?
high frequency probes excellent resolution at skin surface
lower frequency probes better depth penetration
Why is gel used in an ultrasound?
eliminates air interface with probe
Give ADV and DIS of ultrasounds
ADV:
- accessible than some
- mobile
- lowish cost
- no radiation
- view images in real time
- measure blood flow
DIS:
- reliant on operator skill
- only operator determined images saved
- air/bone interfaces limit deeper visibility
- reduced resolution of deeper structures
Why might an ultrasound be used?
- antenatal evaluation
- image abdominal organs/ vessels in abdominal symptoms
- elevate musculoskeletal problems
- soft tissue lumps and bumps
- echocardiography (cardiac evaluation)