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GI Pharm > MOAs > Flashcards

MOAs Flashcards

1
Q

Tegaserod

A

Serotonin Agonist (Tx of IBS)

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2
Q

Scopalamine

A

anti-cholinergic (used to decrease salivation)

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3
Q

-prazoles

A

IRREVERSIBLE H/K ATPase inhibitor

  • abs in SI (enteric coating get it past stomach)
  • lipid soluble so it travels to stomach and diffuses into canalculi
  • gets ionized in canalculi and is trapped there (where H+ pumps are found)
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4
Q

Bismuth

A

chelates proteins at base of ulcer to protect them from pepsin and acid = forms protective layer

  • -also increase Bicarb and mucous secretions
  • -BACTERIOSTATIC to H. pylori

Also used to treat diarrhea, it abs bacteria/toxins/viruses = protective against travelers diarrhea

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5
Q

Clarithromycin

A

Macroline = 50s inhib

H.pylori eradication

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6
Q

Cevimeline

A

M3&raquo_space;> M1 agonist (used to increase salivation)

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7
Q

Metoclopramide

A

D2 antagonist = accelerates gastric emptying!! (inc motility)
and
5-HT4 agonist = increased PSNS tone

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8
Q

amoxcicillin

A

B lactam **resistant to B lactamases = good for gram - bacterial infection (H. pylori)

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9
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

5-ASA derivative that decreases inflammation locally

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10
Q

Pilocarpine

A 
Muscarininc agonist (all M receptors)
--used to increase salivation
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11
Q

Sucralfate

A
  • *requires acidic pH** to form a protective gel over ulcer

* do not need to alkylate in order to protect = decreased chance of bacterial overgrowth

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12
Q

Metronidazole

A

taken up by bacteria, protozoans, and ameobas and then reduced to ferrodoxin –> nitro intermediates –> thiolinkages on cysteine bearing enzymes
–> in bacteria, will also disrupt DNA

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13
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

GCS used to dec inflammation in IBD

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14
Q

Laculose

A

fecal acidifier = laculose is broken down by bacteria in gut into organic acids. the decreased pH in the colon prevents the diffusion of NH3 into the blood stream. therefore this is a treatment for Hepatic encephalopahy

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15
Q

Gemcitabine

A

DNA pol inhibitor

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16
Q

oral TKIs

A

Imatinib
sunitinib
soratinib

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17
Q

Mitomycin

A

mono or bi alkylating agent

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18
Q

Neomycin

A

antimicrobial given as an enema to decrease the colonic bacteria = dec NH3 formed = treatment for hepatic encephalopathy

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19
Q

cyclin dept kinase inhibitor

A

trastuzumab

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20
Q

Cisplatin

A

DNA crosslinks

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21
Q

erlotinib

A

EGFR TKI

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22
Q

imatinib

A

oral KIT TKI

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23
Q

Fidaxomicin

A

macrolide = 50s inhibitor of bac RNA pol

  • *minimal systemization
    • tx of C diff
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24
Q

upper or lower GI route of fecal transplant better

A

lower

25
Q

Metamucil

A

hydrophillic mucolipid (fiber) that forms a large gelatinous mass when mixes with water –> more formed stools *treatment for constipation and diarrhea

26
Q

Docusate Sodium [Colace]

A

anionic surfactant that allows for more water and fat to be incorporated into stools = stool softener

27
Q

Biscodyl [Ducolax]

A

PRODRUG CONVERTED BY ENTERIC BACTERIA
stimulant laxative that activates myenteric plexus –> contractions

also causes tight junctions to become more leaky (NaCl and water into lumen)

28
Q

Lubiprostone

A

stimualtes Cl- channel directly to increase Cl- efflux into lumen –> H2O follows
**used in Tx of IBS-D

29
Q

castor oil

A

anionic surfactant that allows for more water and fat to be incorporated into stools = stool softener

also cathartic and causes complete evacuation of the intestines

30
Q

Loperamide [Imodium]

A

opiate receptor agonist that increases gut transit time (inhibiti Ach) allows more time for things to get abs by gut

31
Q

Cascara

A

stimulant laxatives, with the glycosides stimulating peristalsis, and emodin exciting smooth muscle cells in the large intestine.

32
Q

Senna

A

Stimulant laxitive, glycosides increase gastric fluid secretion and bowel motility (stimulate peristalsis)
–activate myenteric plexus and increase permeability

33
Q

Scopalamine

A

anti-cholinergic = blocks M1 and vagal simulation of CN 8 (vestibular N) = motion sickness

patch preparation that is put on behind the ear 1 hr before getting on boat (or whatever) –only effective if started before!!

34
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

centrally acting D2 and muscarinit receptor antagonists for the treatment of N/V

35
Q

Granisetron

A

peripherally acting 5-HT3 antagonist (in stomach and small intestine) = blocks vagal afferents going to chemoreceptor trigger zone/area postrema

36
Q

Cyclizine

A

H1 antihistamine = vagal and vestibular blockers for the treatment of motion sickness

37
Q

used to treat intractable hiccough

A

chlorpromazine

38
Q

aprepitant

A

central substance P/neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist

39
Q

Droperidol

A

centrally acting D2 blocker

40
Q

Meclizine

A

H1 anti-histamine = used to tret vertigo

**depresses hyperstimulation of the labyrinth

41
Q

used to treat post-opertave N/V

A

Droperidol

42
Q

given prior to chemo

A

lorazepam

43
Q

Dolesetron

A

peripherally acting 5-HT3 antagonist (in stomach and small intestine) = blocks vagal afferents going to chemoreceptor trigger zone/area postrema
**longest half life!!!

44
Q

HBV treatment drugs

HCV drugs

A

B: lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, entacavir, emtricitabine

C: ribavarin, telprevir, boceprevir

45
Q

Emtricitabine

A

triphosphate cytosine analog that inhibits viral RNA pol

46
Q

Entacavir

A

d-cyclopentane and guanosine analog that inhibits viral RNA pol

47
Q

Lamivudine

A

L-nuceloside and cytosine analog that inhibis viral RNA po

48
Q

Adefovir

A

acyclic diphosphate adenoside analog that inhibits viral reverse transcriptase and causes chain termination

49
Q

Tenofovir

A

acyclic diphosphate adenoside analog that inhbits viral RNA pol and causes chain termination

50
Q

Used to treat HIV and HBV co infection

A

emticitabine > tenofovir

51
Q

transient thryroid disturbance (hashimotos and graves)

A

interferons

52
Q

ribavarin

A
  1. increases CTLs
  2. inhibits RdRP
  3. depletes GTP pool (via inhib IMPDH)
  4. mutates RNA (as virus replicates)
53
Q

teleprevir

A

inhibits NS3/4 serine protease needed to cleave precursor peptide strand into functional polypeptide
**high resistance and must be used with ribavarin

54
Q

boceprevir

A

inhibits NS3/4 serine protease needed to cleave precursor peptide strand into functional polypeptide
**high resistance and must be used with ribavarin

55
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerases

56
Q

Chlorpheniramine

A

H1 antagonist and SSRI (anti-emetic?)

57
Q

Donepezil

A

Ach E inhibitor

58
Q

Methylnaltrexone

A

μ-opioid antagonists **speed up gut motility = constipation Tx?

59
Q

Naloxone

A

Opiate Antagonist *speed up gut motility = constipation Tx?

GI Pharm (3 decks)

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