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pharm 4 > MOA SPECIFICS > Flashcards

MOA SPECIFICS Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of metformin

A

Suppression of hepatic glucose production & absorption

Increase insulin sensitivity by peripheral tissues & GLP-1 synthesis

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2
Q

Unusual adverse effects of metformin

A

VIT B12 deficiency

Lactic Acidosis

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3
Q

Sulfonylureas end in

A

IDE

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4
Q

Sulfonylureas require

A

Beta cell function so ineffective in Type 1

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5
Q

Unusual side effects of Sulfonylureas

A

Therapy failure

HYPOGLYCEMIA, which is more severe

Higher risk with malnutrition, greater than 60, abx

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6
Q

MOA of Sulfonylureas

A

Inhibits K+ ATP on BETA CELLS

Ca+ enters, Insulin leaves

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7
Q

TZDs end in

A

GLITAZONE

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8
Q

MOA of TZDs

A

Increases insulin sensitivity at skeletal muscle, hepatic & adipose tissue & glucose use

Decreases insulin resistance & hepatic glucose production

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9
Q

TZDs decrease

A

Triglycerides

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10
Q

GLP-1 receptor agonists ends in

A

TIDE

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11
Q

MOA of GLP-1 receptor agonist

A

Increases beta cell insulin secretion & satiety

Decreases alpha cell glucagon production & appetite

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12
Q

Unusual side effects of GLP-1 receptor agonist

A

Acute pancreatitis & renal insufficiency

Injection site reaction

Gallbladder & biliary disease risk

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13
Q

Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors end in

A

GLIFLOZIN

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14
Q

MOA of Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors

A

Inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal tubule

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15
Q

Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors cause

A

A decrease in BP & decrease CV EVENTS

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16
Q

What to consider with SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Ketoacidosis & dehydration

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17
Q

Unusual side effects of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Osmotic diuresis

Higher risk in ACEI & ARBs

Ketoacidosis

UTI & genital infections

Decrease bone density

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18
Q

Dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitors end in

A

GLIPTIN

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19
Q

MOA of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors

A

Inhibits DPP4 enzyme which breaks down incretin hormones

Increase insulin secretion

Decrease glucagon secretion

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20
Q

DPP4 Inhibitors cause

A

Musculoskeletal pain

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21
Q

MOA of thionamides

A

Inhibits thyroid peroxidase & formation of TH

Decrease concentrations of antithyrotropin- receptor antibodies

PTU inhibits deiodination of T4-T3

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22
Q

Adverse effects of Thionamides

A

Urticaria

Skin rash

Arthralgia

GI discomfort

Agranulocytosis & granulocytopenia

Hepatic toxicity

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23
Q

MOA of potassium iodides

A

Decreases iodine uptake by thyroid, TH synthesis & release, thyroid size & thyroid vascularity

24
Q

Side effects of potassium iodides

A

Allergic reaction

Angioedema

Laryngeal edema

Bleeding disorders

25
Q

MOA of radioactive iodine

A

Uptake by thyroid cells

Iodine isotopes trapped in thyroid

Beta rays destroy cells w/minimal to no damage to surrounding tissues

26
Q

Risks of radioactive iodine

A

Hypothyroidism

Contraindicated in pregnancy

Radiation toxicity

Infertility

27
Q

Special consideration with radioactive iodine

A

Definitive tx for Graves

Arrhythmias, ischemia & HF controlled with Propranolol, which inhibits T4-T3 conversion

Controls HR, HTN, & fever

Dose 0.5-1mg over 10min

28
Q

MOA of corticosteroids

A

Cytoplasmic receptors

DNA transcription

Regulates protein synthesis

29
Q

Which drugs have mineralocorticoid activity

A

Fludrocortisone

Aldosterone

30
Q

Which medications have no mineralocorticoid activity

A

Betameth

Triamcinolone

31
Q

When should dexamethasone be avoided

A

In severe head injury or hemorrhage

32
Q

A glucocorticoid acts as an analgesic by

A

Peripheral inhibition along COX & lipoxygenase

33
Q

Unusual symptoms of long term steroid use

A

Fluid resistant HOTN

Change in consciousness & cognitive decline

N/V/ABD pain

Low BS

low Na & increased K

Persistent fever

34
Q

Do not give decadron with

A

Benadryl

35
Q

Decadron has minimal

A

To no mineralocorticoid activity

36
Q

Corticoidsteroid adverse effects

A

HPA suppression

Low K

Alkalosis

Increased HCT

Cataracts

Skeletal muscle myopathy due to K LOSS

Osteoporosis

37
Q

Large doses of opioids will

A

Alter cortisol response to surgical stress

38
Q

Etomidate inhibits

A

Cortisol synthesis (adrenal insufficiency)

39
Q

Volatile anesthetics have

A

Minimal suppression of stress induced endocrine response

40
Q

Regional anesthesia

A

Will decrease cortisol release & may decrease periop complications

41
Q

Inhibiting ACh will cause

A

Dilation

42
Q

Gq-

Gs-

A

Gq- constriction

Gs-dilation

43
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids can cause an

A

Increase in IOP

44
Q

Ketamine can cause direct

A

Bronchodilation & increases secretion, so give anticholinergic

45
Q

Propofol can possibly

A

Cause dilation due to a decrease in vagal tone

46
Q

Etomidate decreases

A

SVR & PAP

47
Q

Why should you give propofol with caution in the PH patient

A

Decreases SVR & coronary perfusion

RV dysfunction

May vasoconstrict in PAH

48
Q

Nitrous oxide causes

A

Pulmonary vasoconstriction

49
Q

An epidural will cause

A

HOTN & RV dysfunction

50
Q

Prostaglandins inhibits

A

Smooth muscle cell growth

PLT Aggregation

51
Q

Remodeling will

A

Decrease systemic & pulm artery pressure

52
Q

Indomethacin MOA

A

Non specific inhibition of COX 1 & 2 enzymes

Decrease production of prostaglandins

53
Q

Side effects of Indomethacin

A

Gastritis

Nausea

Oligohydraminas

Premature closure of PDA

54
Q

Side effects of CCB

A

Vasodilation

Dizzy

HA

Palpitations

55
Q

MOA of beta agonists

A

Binds beta 2 receptor

Stimulates adenyl cyclase

Increases formation of camp

Causing inhibition of MLCK

56
Q

MOA of oxytocin receptor antagonists (Atosiban)

A

Competitive inhibition of oxytocin binding to oxytocin receptors

Prevents IP3 formation & Ca release from SR

57
Q

Mg effects on endothelium

A

Decreased PLT aggregation & vasodilation

pharm 4 (4 decks)

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