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PHARM B12 DRUGS > MOA > Flashcards

MOA Flashcards

1
Q

Pens Cephs and Carbs

A

Activate PbPs

Or catalyze peptidoglycan cross-linkages via Transpeptidase (late step)

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2
Q

Vancomycin

A

Prevent peptidoglycan elongation via transglycosylase (early step)

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3
Q

Tetracycline

A

30s and blocks docking site of tRNA

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4
Q

AmiNOglycosides

A

Binds 30s and blocks initiation complex and inhibit translocation by inducing misreading

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5
Q

Macrolides (MAC) and Clindamycin

A

Binds to 50s and inhibits translocation

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6
Q

Sulfonamides

A

PABA analogs that compete with PABA for DIHYDROPHOLATE SYNTHASE to decrease folic acid

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7
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase to decrease purine and pyramidine and AA’s (all formed from tetrahydrofolic acid)

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8
Q

Metronidazole

A

Activated by feredoxin and binds to DNA molecules (inhibits Nucleic acid synthesis)

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9
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Inhibits DNA Gyrase/topoisomerase II
Prevents DNA from unwinding and duplicating
(PREVENTS RELAXATION OF POSITIVE SUPERCOILS)

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10
Q

Fusion inhibitors

A

Blocks gp41 and CCR5 on T-cell to prevent viral entry

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11
Q

Reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

NRTI: nucleoSide that must be phosphorylated to 5’ to 3’ to terminate DNA elongation
NtRTI: nucleotide that has 1 phosphate and must be furtherphosphorylated
NNRTI: already active/ not a prodrug…actively bind to RT (allosterically)

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12
Q

Integrase inhibitor

A

Inhibits HIV enzyme integrase, blocking genetic material into human chromosomes

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13
Q

Protease inhibitors

A

Inhibits HIV-1 protease, blocking release/ budding for infected cells

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14
Q

-Ovirs (HSV)

A

Inhibits DNA polymerase via acyclovir triphosphate (herpes puts on first P we put on the other 2)

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15
Q

Foscarnet (HSV)

A

Inhibits phosphate binding site on DNA polymerase (decrease viral DNA replication)

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16
Q

-ivirs (Flu)

A

Inhibits NEURAMINIDASE, decrease budding/release from the cell

17
Q

Isoniazid

A

Prodrug that is activated to decrease MYCOLIC ACID synthesis (required for mycobacterial cell wall)

18
Q

Rifampin (TB) and Rifabutin (MAC)

A

Blocks DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, decrease transcription

19
Q

Pyrazinamide (TB)

A

Activated to pyrazinoic acid (competes with Uric acid)

Changing pH and decreasing FA synthesis

20
Q

Ethambutol (TB)

A

inhibits synthesis of Mycobacterial cell wall component

21
Q

Streptomycin (TB)

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding 30s (inhibiting translocation)

22
Q

-bendazoles (pinworm/ Nematodes)

A

Inhibit microtubule synthesis

23
Q

Pyrantel (Nematodes)

A

Constantly stimulates nicotinic receptors, causes spastic paralysis of the worm (succinylcholine)

24
Q

Ivermectin (nematodes)

A

GABA agonist that causes hyperpolarization of worms nerves/muscle cells, killing the worm

25
Q

Praziquantel (tapeworms and flukes)

A

Increase membrane permeability to Ca2+ causing muscle contraction and muscle paralysis

26
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Binds to ERGOSTEROL to form pores and leak cell components

27
Q

Flucytosine

A

Converted to 5-FU then 5-F DUMP to inhibit THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE, to decrease fungal DNA synthesis

28
Q

Azole (-conazoles)

A

Inhibits ergosterol membrane synthesis by blocking (14-alpha demthylase)

29
Q

Echinocardins (fungins)

A

Inhibits B 1,2 glucan synthesis, FUNGAL CELL WALL COMPONENT!!

30
Q

Terbenafine (fungal)

A

Inhibits squalene epoxide, Increases squalene which is toxic to fungal cells

31
Q

Chloroquine (blood schizonticide)

A

Accumulates in food vacuoles of plasmodium and increased intracellular heme (increases toxicity to Vivax parasite)

32
Q

Primequine (tissue schizonticide)

A

Forms the cellular oxidants “quinolone-quinone metabolites” which is lethal to vivax parasite

33
Q

Quinine (blood schizonticide)

A

Complexes with falciparum parasitic DNA to block replication and transcription

34
Q

Mefloquine

A

Alternative to quinone for falciparum prevention

35
Q

Metronidazole (giardia and histolytica)

A

Activated by ferredoxin which decreases binding to DNA

36
Q

TMP SMX (toxoplasmosis)

A

Inhibits DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE

PHARM B12 DRUGS (3 decks)

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