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MNT terms Flashcards

To study the bolded textbook terms

1
Q

Nutrition Care Process and Model (NCPM)

A

a systematic framework to recognize, diagnose, and intervene upon nutrition-related problems for which a nutrition intervention is the primary treatment

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2
Q

Malnutrition

A

a subacute or chronic state of nutrition in which a combination of varying degrees of overnutrition and undernutrition (+inflammatory activity) has led to a change in body composition and diminished function

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3
Q

Nutrition Screening

A

the process of identifying patients/people at risk for malnutrition and may benefit from a full nutrition assessment

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4
Q

Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS)

A

a nutrition screening tool that measures disease impact in addition to the markers of current or potential malnutrition

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5
Q

Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST)

A

a nutrition screening tool that utilizes a five-step process to arrive at an overall score for risk of malnutrition

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6
Q

Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire (SNAQ)

A

a nutrition screening tool intended for use during admission to an acute care facility

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7
Q

Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST)

A

a nutrition screening tool created based on the need for a framework that used routinely available data and could be employed across a heterogeneous adult population

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8
Q

Nutrition-focused physical exam (NFPE)

A

an examination of each region of the body that aids in the evaluation of nutrition status by identifying markers of malnutrition and/or nutrition deficiencies

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9
Q

Inspection

NFPE technique

A

the visual observation of color, shape, texture and size

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10
Q

Palpation

NFPE technique

A

the use of touch to assess texture, size, temperature, tenderness, and mobility

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11
Q

Percussion

NFPE technique

A

the tapping of fingers against body surfaces for sounds that reflect solids, fluids, or gas

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12
Q

Auscultation

NFPE technique

A

the assessment of sounds that reflect movement of fluid or air through organs and viscera using a stethoscope

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13
Q

Anthropometry

A

the assessment of measure and proportions of the human body

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14
Q

Stadiometer

A

a piece of equipment designed to measure height
constructed of a ruler and a sliding horizontal headpiece

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15
Q

Self-Reported Height (SRH)

A

Height information provided by the patient

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16
Q

Knee-height

A

a measurement taken from the sole of the foot to the kneecap while at a 90 degree angle

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17
Q

Total Arm Span (TAS)

A

The length between the middle of the sternal notch and tip of the middle finger, doubled
(measured horizontal from shoulder)

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18
Q

Half Arm Span (HAS)

A

The length between sternal notch and the tip of the middle finger
(measured horizontal from shoulder)

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19
Q

Actual Body Weight (ABW)

A

the sum of all body compartments without distinction between fat and fat-free mass

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20
Q

Usual Body Weight (UBW)

A

a self-reported measure of what the individual has weighed for most of their adult life

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21
Q

Percent usual body weight (%UBW)

A

the actual body weight divided by the usual body weight & multiplied by 100

the % of current BW as related to normal BW

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22
Q

Percent weight change (%weight change)

A

the amount of weight change divided by the UBW & multiplied by 100

the % change in body weight between two points in time

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23
Q

Ideal Body Weight (IBW)

A

an adjusted weight-for-height, based on the weights associated with the lowest mortality for a given height

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24
Q

Percent ideal body weight (%IBW)

A

the ABW divided by the IBW & multiplied by 100

used to compare current and ideal body weights

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25
Q

Adjusted Body Weight (adjusted BW)

A

Algorithm-derived weight used to determine energy expenditure in patients with extremes of body weight

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26
Q

Dry Weight

ABW - estimated fluid weight = dry weight

A

an estimated weight in patients with fluid overload

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27
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

an anthropometric comparison of body weight to body height (independent of frame size)

calculated by the weight in kg divided by the square of height in meters

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28
Q

Skinfold anthropometry

A

the measure of one or more anatomical sites using a skinfold calipr device to estimate body fat stores

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29
Q

Triceps Skinfold (TSF)

A

skinfold anthropometry measured at the triceps

most common skinfold measure

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30
Q

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)

A

a measure of total arm circumference providing measure of both muscle and fat

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31
Q

Mid-Arm Muscle Circumference (MAMC)

A

a surrogate measure of lean body mass

cannot be measured directly

32
Q

Waist Circumference

A

an indicator of fat mass around the waist

used to assess health risk

33
Q

Waist-hip ratio (WHR)

A

the waist circumference value divided by the hip circumference value

34
Q

Computed Tomography (CT)

A

utilizes x-ray technology to provide data on muscle composition and distribution

35
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

body composition analysis utilizing a free-ionizing radiation technique

36
Q

Bioelectrical Impedanace Analysis (BIA)

A

a test of the resistance of a high-frequency electrical current passed through the body

used to make a distinction between fat-free mass & total body water

37
Q

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

A

a scan used to differentiate bone, lean mass, and bone-free tissues

38
Q

Food records diary

A

keeping a present-time record on nutritional intake

39
Q

Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)

A

a survey about food intake over a specific time period in an attempt to depict “usual” intake

40
Q

Static assay

A

used to measure the actual level of a nutrient in a specimen

41
Q

Functional assay

A

measures the specific biochemical or physiological functioning of a nutrient, rather than just the quantity

42
Q

Hemodilution

A

decreased RBC concentrations and high plasma levels

43
Q

Hemoconcentration

A

increased RBC concentrations and low plasma levels

44
Q

Electrolytes

A

substances that dissolve into ions in solution

45
Q

Basic metabolic panel

A

A blood test that measures glucose, sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, chloride, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine

46
Q

Comprehensive metabolic panel

A

A blood test the measures all elements in a basic metabolic panel + albumin, total protein, alkaline phophatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and bilirubin

47
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

A blood test that provides a count of the cells in the blood and a description of RBC

48
Q

Differential count

A

A complete blood count for white blood cells

49
Q

Isotonic

A

Having the same osmolarity as another solution

50
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

The pressure needed to maintain equilibrium with no net movement of solvent

51
Q

Hypertonic

A

Having a greater osmolarity than another solution

fluids move out of the cells in an attempt to establish equilibrium

results in dehydration

52
Q

Hypotonic

A

Having a lower osmolarity than another solution

fluid moves into cells and causes cell swelling

53
Q

Third spacing

A

The accumulation of fluid in the interstices (edema) or in the potential fluid spaces (effusion) between body cavities

54
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Volume overload

55
Q

Hypovolemia

A

Volume depletion

56
Q

Hyponatremia

most common electrolyte disorder

A

Low sodium levels in the blood

57
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

High magnesium levels in the blood

58
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

The effects of depletion, repletion, and electrolyte shifts in response to excessive nutritional feeding

59
Q

Hypochloremia

A

Low chloride levels in the blood

60
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugar levels

61
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood sugar levels

62
Q

Visceral protien

A

An assessment that directly measures protien stores by assessing the proteins made by the viscera

63
Q

Acute-phase protein

A

Protein that responds to inflammation caused by illness or trauma

do not accurately reflect changes in protein status

64
Q

Positive acute-phase protein

A

Proteins that increase inflammation, such as C-reactive protein, ferritin, and cerulosplasmin

65
Q

Negative acute-phase protein

A

Proteins that decrease during inflammation, such as serum albumin, prealbumin, retinal binding protein, and transferrin

66
Q

Kwashiorkor

A

Malnutrition, with or without caloric depletion, that results in depletion of visceral protein

a bloated abdomen is commonly seen

67
Q

Marasmus

A

Malnutrition associated with severe caloric depletion, in which the body conserves visceral protein

68
Q

Nitrogen balance

A

when nitrogen input/intake (oral, enteral, or parenteral) is equal to nitrogen output/excretion (urinary, fecal, or wound drainage)

69
Q

Creatinine height index (CHI)

A

Measurement of creatinine excretion as a %

70
Q

Anemia

A

A reduction in erythrocytes per unit of blood volume or a decrease in hemoglobin of blood to below level of physiological needs

71
Q

Microcytic anemia

A

Small cell anemia

a MCV of less than 80 fL

72
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

Large cell anemia

a MCV of greater than 100 fL

73
Q

Normocytic anemia

A

Normal cell size

occurs when MCV is between 80 and 99 fL

74
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia

A

Anemia caused by a lack of iron in the blood

75
Q

Anemia of inflammation and chronic disease (AICD)

A

Anemia caused by chronic inflammation or infectious disorders

76
Q
A

MNT (4 decks)

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