MNT part 2 & Dialysis Flashcards
Thyroid disease
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Increase BMR
2. Decrease in BMR: weight gain
Why diet for arthritis?
anti-inflammatory
*omega 3
5 high phosphorus foods
Dairy, cheese, yogurt, soda, processed meats
* high phos pulls out calcium from bones
Ketogenic diet
- designed for kids w/ epilepsy
- 90% fat
- Mcts (rapid metabolism)
- 4g Fat to 1g of non-fat
6 high potassium foods
Banana, tomato, avocado, potato, spinach, oranges
what does each lead to:
- neuropathy
- retinopathy
- Nephropathy
- neuropathy: peripheral and autonomic; gastroparesis
- retinopathy: leads to blindness
- Nephropathy: decreased kidney function
Prader-willi syndrome
High Ghrelin levels (hunger!)
Obesity BMI
- Class 1:
- Class 2:
- Class 3:
- Class 1: 30 - 34.9
- Class 2: 35 - 39.9
- Class 3: >40
* 3500 = 1lb
Gastric bypass requirement
- needs to try to lose weight w/ diet
1. BMI of 40 or greater
2. BMI of 35 w/ co-morbidities - multi vitamins are needed after surgery
ADHD (diet)
B/c meds will cause to lose weight
* needs to understand ^ to provide adequate kcals
Goiter (diet)
Enlargement of thyroid
- needs iodine (fish)
- Free of goitrogens
Burns/Trauma
*low albumin, C-RP and high inflammation
so
- increase vita C, Zinc
- adequate kcal & protein
CKD stage 3 pro and level
GFR: 30-59
pro: .6-.8g/kg
CKD stage 4 pro and level
GFR: 15-29
pro: .6-.8g/kg
Consequences of high potassium
Cardiac complications
Cerebral palsy diet
- spastic
- non-spastic
- Difficult to move
- low kcal, high fluid, high fiber - Can move better
- more kcal, more protein, finger foods
Alzheimers disease
- make sure they can chew and swallow
- make sure they are hydrated
- not distracted
- same meal times
EBB and flow response
Catabolic response following trauma
Latrogenic malnutrition
Caused by the hospital (treatment and meds)
Autism spectrum disorders
Very pricey eaters!
- communicate to keep offering foods
AIDS pt diet
“the least amount of food disease exposure possible”
- fruits w/ thick peels
- cook all foods throughly
Anorexia Nervosa
*distorted body image
“nervosa” is because it is mental-like
Anorexia is starving
Bulimia
*damage to teeth and throat (this is the focus as an RD)
Where does vita D get activated and what is it called
- Kidney
2. Calcitriol
Maple syrup urine disease
Inborn error metabolism (infant)
- restrict BCAA
- Provide adequate energy from CHO & Fat
- small feedings
Stage 1 CKD protein and level
GFR >90
Pro: .8-1.4g/kg
CKD Stage 2 protein and level
GFR 60-89
Protein: .8-1.4g/kg
Marasmus
Protein and kcal starvation (causes muscle wasting)
Paralysis (diet)
- could be from stroke
Highly likely to get pressure ulcers
Pressure ulcers needs (3)
Zinc, VIta C and Protein
Consequences for high phosphorus
- bone fractures
- Darkening of skin
- Itching
Who is more likely for osteoporotic fracture
White women and asian women
NND (meanning)
National dysphagia diet
NND1
Pureed, pudding like (ice cream)
Chemotherapy (treatment)
Radiation can cause loss of B2 vitamin, will cause mouth “injuries.” (like dry mouth)
Healthy Kidneys will (6)
- Remove waste products
- remove excess fluid (urine)
- Control BP
- Regulate K/Na
- Make RBC
- Activate Vita D
Acute Hypoglucose
- what to do (3)
- Treatment (2)
- What to do:
- If <70mg/dL, begin w/ 15g CHO
- Wait 15min, is still under 70mg/dL give another 15g CHO
- Repeat until normal - Treatment
- Insulin
- Rehydration
Homocystinurias
*what is needed
- excessive excretion of homocystine in urine
- Need supplement of Folate and B12
Galactosemia
- Don’t breastfeed inf if they have this
This is the only disease that diet is the cure and stay away from galactose and lactose - Soy is good
NDD3
Transition to regular foods (avoid crunchy and hard foods)
Renal diet (5)
- low phosphorus
- Low potassium
- Low Na
- Adequate protein
- 48oz fluid/day
NND2
Moist, soft-texture foods, (soft pancakes)
COPD pt diet
High frequent meals w/ high fats
ESRD: HD level and Pro
GFR <15
Pro: 1.2g/kg
Peritoneal (4)
- Everyday
- More protein and K allowed
- Catheter is implanted
- done at home
Function of Dialysis
- Remove unwanted toxins/waste
- Remove excess fluid
- Prevent salts and electrolytes from accumulating
Hemodialysis(4)
- 3-4 times week
- Less protein and potassium
- Use of demodialyzer
- Done at dialysis center
National Cholesterol Education program (5 things to do)
- up to 35% cals from fat
- 25-30g Fiber
- Stanols and sterols inhibit cholesterol
- Maintain DBW
- Increase PA to 30 mins most days
Diet for Addison’s disease
Adrenal cortex insufficiency
- high protein, frequeng feedings and high salt
ESRD: PD GFT and Pro
GFR <15
Pro: 1.2-1.3g/kg
Phosphorous binding meds
“binds” phos out of the stomach bisphosphonate (can cause fractures)
Heart Failure (diet 3)
* heart not able to pump Treatment - meds - dash diet (low Na) - high protein! 1.1-1.4g/kg -B12 and multivitamin
W/ Fever and Infection
BMR will increase 7% w/ each degree after 98.6F
Hemodialysis Side Effects
- High K levels
- low BP
- Anemia
Peritoneal side effects
- High blood
- Weight gain
- Fever and abdominal pain
Glycogen storage disease (and diet)
Liver can’t covert glycogen to glucose
* so need high carb, low fat diet
Urea cycle defects (diet)
- ammonia accumlates in teh body
- low protein needed
Gout (diet)
- low purines (no fish)
- No alcohol
- Moderate protein
Metabolic syndrome 5 categories
- Elevate blood pressure
- Elevate TG
- Fasting Serum Glucose >100 mg
- Waist measurement
- Low HDL
* 3 or more is metabolic syndrome
PKU (diet)
- low carb diet (b/c high carb can cause cavities)
- Low protein
Neoplastic disease (avoid?)
- Protein kcal malnutrition
- Fluid and electrolytes imbalances
* avoid red meat
