MNT Part 1 Flashcards
What to do w/ Steatorrhea
Limit fat
Lactose is least found in __ and most in ___
- Least is butter
2. Milk/Ice-cream
NAFLD
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- based on diet and lifestyle
- Obese pt and usually diabetes pt
& manage lifestyle and lose weight
Mediterranean diet is rich in
Alpha linolenic acid
- omega 3’s
What to do w/ constipation
high fiber, high fluid, exercise and limit alcohol
What foods cause diarrhea
- High sugar and high fats
- coffee
- Sugar alcohols
- pt needs to be rehydrated
- BRAT diet (Banana, Rice, Apples, Toast)
- **slowly introduce low fiber foods
Who needs B12 (6)
Patients w/
- low stomach acids (maybe d/t omprezol and tums)
- infections w/ H.Pylori
- Metformin meds
- Smokers and alcoholics
- Gastritis
- Strict Vegans
Fiber RDA for M & W
M: 38g
W: 25g
* fiber binds w/ minerals
High ALP and LOW ALP
High ALP = liver disease
Low ALP = Diabetes
Billroth I
A-Stromy
- Attaches stomach to duodenum (can cause dumping syndrome)
Hep A
Hep B
Hep C
*Nutritional needs
Hep A: Fecal
Hep B: sexually transmitted
Hep C: blood to blood
* needs: high protein, small frequent meals, extra coffee
Billroth II
attaches stomach to jejunum
can cause dumping syndrome
CVD: hypertension
Lower calories in diet so pt can lose weight
- obesity is the cause of hypertension
- DASH diet. Low Na, low fat, and whole grains
- don’t supplement w/ calcium
PERT
Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy
IBS
- Low FOG Diet
- monitor stress levels & track foods to elevate stress when eating (elimination diet)
Ulcers
- treatment
- Diet
- Omit
Eroded mucosal lesion
- treatment: antacids and antibiotics
- Diet: avoid late night snacks
- Omit: cayenne, peppers, excess caffeine and alcohol
Cystic Fibrosis
*diet
Organs are failing (hard to breathe)
pts need PERT (used for growth but w/ malabsorption)
** increases CHO, Fat, Pro, and Na
MCT vs LCT
MCT (medium TG): coconut oil/palm oil
LCT (Long): Meat, dairy
Gluten free foods (6)
Rice, potato, corn, soybean, tapioca, flax
Uncontrolled diabetes can cause (3)
Nephropathy (Kidney damage)
Neuropathy (nerve damage)
Retinopaty (eye damage)
Ascites vs Esophageal varices (b/c of cirrhosis)
*diet
Ascites - blood cant leave the liver (low sodium if edema)
Esophageal varices- blood can’t enter the liver (low fiber needed)
** needs high protein and kcal
Gastritis
*diet
- inflammation of stomach
diet: clear liquids, adv as tolerated
ESLD
End Stage Liver disease (25% or less function)
- ammonia is accumulating (may need low protein)
Alcoholic Liver disease
*diet supp
Liver is injured and high TG is present
* needs B vitamins & vita C
Digestion sections
Stomach: water & alcohol Ileum: bile salt and B12 Duodenum: water and fat voluble vitamins Jejunum: Most things Colon: biotin, water
Celiac disease is a result of interaction w/
Glyodine
Gallbladder disease
*diet
bile is directly released to duodenum
* low fat diet
Dumping syndrome
*diet
Diarrhea, nauseous, and fatigue d/t rapid gastric emptying
* needs protein and complex CHO and B12
Cirrhosis
Needs extra protein
Tropical sprue
*diet
Viral parasitic and bacteria infection
- causes diarrhea, malnutrition and decrease in B12 and folate
- needs high pro, B12, Folate supplement
Pancreatitis
Acute vs Chronic
*diet
Acute: needs to be bowel at rest w/ NPO (eating will hurt pt)
Chronic: recurring attacks (add PERTs)
** low fat, whole grains diet
Non-tropical sprue
*diet
“celiac disease”
Malabsorption to nutrients
AVOID gluten
Diverticulosis
*diet
Presence of diverticula
- Needs high fiber diet
Ulcerative colitis
*diet
Ulcers in colon causing malabsorption
- lots of diarrhea (loss of electrolytes and weight)
- elemental diet
Gastroparesis
*diet
Delayed gastric emptying d/t surgery, diabetes and viral infection s
* eat small meals, pureed foods, avoid high fiber and avoid high fat
Crohn’s disease
*diet
Inflammatory bowel disease
- Crohn’s affects ileum (reduces b12 and iron)
- lower fiber, high protein, no seeds/pulp or put bowel at rest
Diverticulitis
*diet
Low residue diet and clear liquid (low fiber)
* gradually go back to high fiber
