Medications Flashcards
Ritalin (Methylphenidate)
Use:
Leads to:
Use: ADHA
Leads to: Anorexia, weight loss, Nausea
Adderall (dextro-amphetamine)
Use:
Leads to:
Interacts w/:
Use: ADHD and Narcolepsy
Leads to: Anorexia, weight loss, nausea
Interacts w/: Avoid taking w/ acidic food/juice/vita C
Propofol Use: How it works: Leads to: Interacts w/:
Use: Sedative “best sleep ever.”
How it works: Administered in oil
Leads to: Weight gain, high TG
Interacts w/: Check for calories and over nutrition 1.1 cal/cc
Glucotrol/Glipizide can
Increase insulin secretion
SSRIs "zoloft" Use: How it works: Leads to: Interacts w/: How to take:
Use: Depression How it works: Increases serotonin Leads to: Weight gain and sleep disturbance Interacts w/: Grapefruit Juice How to take: Take w/ foods
Elavil
Use:
Leads to:
Use: Depression
Leads to: Weight gain increases appetite
SGLT2 inhibitors is great for
(Sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitor)
For pt’s w/ type 2 and CKD
Phosphate Binders Use: How it works: Leads to: Interacts w/: Supplement w/: How to take:
Use: Chronic kidney disease (dialysis)
How it works: Binds phosphorous out by reducing phosphate
Leads to: Darker stool (d/t iron)
Interacts w/: Dont eat w/ high phosphorous foods
Supplement w/: Multi-Vitamin
How to take: Take w/ meals
MAOi’s
Use:
How it works:
Interacts w/:
Use: Anti-depressant
How it works: Inhibits MA oxidase and the brain transmitter
Interacts w/: EVERYTHING
*Banned
Phenobarbital "Dilantin" Use: How it works: Leads to: Interacts w/: Supplement w/:
Use: Anti-convulsive sedative
How it works: Anti-convulsive
Leads to: Loss of Folic acid, Vita K, B6 B12, Vita D
Interacts w/: Hold nutrition support 2 hours before and after administration of this Med!
Supplement w/: Folic acid, vita D, and Calcium
Orlistat Use: How it works: Leads to: Interacts w/: Supplement w/: How to take:
Use: Weight loss
How it works: Lipid inhibitor, lowers fat absorption by binding lipase
Leads to: KEDA deficiency b/c fat leaves in the stool
Interacts w/: Cyclosporine and warfarin
Supplement w/: KEDA and beta-carotene (precursor to vita A)
How to take: TID w/ meals <30% calories should be from fat
Metformin
Use:
Take with:
- Preferred first line of treatment
Use: decreases intestinal absorption of glucose in the body (works like insulin). - works by reducing the amount of sugar your liver releases into your blood. Also makes body respond better to insulin
Take with: food to decrease GI being upset
NRTI (Retrovir) Use: Leads to: Supplement w/: How to take:
Use: Antiviral meds used for HIV/AIDS
Leads to: Macrocytic anemia, B12, Cu and Zn Deficiency
Supplement w/: B12, CU, Zn
How to take: Take w/ food to reduce Nausea
All insulin injections can lead to ____
hypokalemia and hypoglycemia
Methotrexate Use: How it works: Leads to: Interacts with: Supplement w/:
Use: Chemotherapy and RA
How it works: Inhibits synthesis of DNA, DNA reparation and cell mitosis
Leads to: Folate deficiency (mouth sores), weight loss and Nausea/Vomiting
Interacts with: Beetroot and Omperazole
Supplement w/: Folic acid; when not receiving chemo
Warfarin/Coumadin
Use:
How it works:
Interacts with:
Use: Anti-coagulant
How it works: Prevents blood clotting making blood thinner
Interacts with: Ginger, ginseng, ginko biloba, garlic, GFJ, Glucosamin, VIta A&E, green tea. (main one is GFJ)
W/ Dilantin hold TF for
2hrs before and after
Marinol (Dronabinol)
Use:
How it works:
Leads to:
Use: Appetite stimulant for chemo patients
How it works: increases appetite
Leads to: weight gain
Levodopa (L-Dopa): Use: Interacts w/: Supplement w/: How to take:
Use: Parkinson’s disease
Interacts w/: Iron and protein rich foods. Vita B6 and protein decreases effectiveness of the drug
Supplement w/: B6
How to take: TID, take meds in the AM w/ limited protein <10g; at first take w/ food.
Statins Use: How it works: Leads to: Interacts w/: Supplement w/: How to take:
(Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Lovastatin)
Use: Lowering LDL, TG and increasing HDL.
How it works: lowers cholesterol by inhibiting HMG CuA redutase
Leads to: Co-q 10 deficiency by affecting its formation
Interacts w/: DO NOT TAKE w/ GFJ (also niacin)
Supplement w/: Co-Q 10 when you have muscle aches
How to take: Take before bed. Take at night bc thats when you build cholesterol
Omeprazole Use: How it works: Leads to: Supplement w/: How to take
Use: Ulcers, GERD
How it works: Proton pump inhibitor (but makes it perf for H.Pylori to grow)
Leads to: Depletes Ca leading to osteoporosis and H. Pylori infection, b12 and intrinsic factor deficiency
Supplement w/: B12
How to take: Take 30-60 mins before meals
Loop Diuretics (Lasix, Furosemide) Use: How it works: Leads to: Supplement w/: How to take: Site of Action:
Use: Heart failure, ESRD, ESLD, HTN, and edema
How it works: Increases urine production
Leads to: Potassium wasting, hypokalemia, thiamin, Mg, Ca, and sodium deficiency
Supplement w/: K, Mg, Ca and B1
How to take: Take in the AM (bc it increases urine)
Site of Action: Loop of Henle
Thiazide (diuretics)
Used for:
Leads to:
Site of action:
Used for: HTN, edema, ESRD, CHF
Leads to: Potassium wasting, decreases Mg, K, and reabsorbs Ca
Site of action: Distal Tubule
K-Sparing Diuretics like (spinonolactone) Used for: How it works: Leads to: Site of action:
Used for: Used for heart failure, HTN, Hypokalemia, and the treatment of edema
How it works: Aldosterone antagonist
Leads to: Potassium sparing. Spares K but depletes Na and Chloride
Site of action: Distal Tubule and collecting duct
Antibiotics (Penicillin) Use: How it works: Leads to: Supplement w/: How to take:
Use: Infection
How it works: Kills the good bacteria
Leads to: Possible malnutrition of at, B12, Ca, Mg, and important: vita K and Ca.
Supplement w/: Probiotics and Calcium
How to take: Probiotics to be taken 3 hours separately
Lantus/Levemir
- onset
- duration
- onset: 2-4hr
- duration: 18-24hr
L=Long lasting
Humulin N/Novolin N
- onset
- duration
- onset: 2-4 hr
- duration: 10-16 hr
N= iNtermediate
Novolog/Humalog
- onset
- duration
- onset: 5 to 15 min before eating
- duration: 4 hours
Log= rapid
Isoniazid Use: Interacts w/: Supplement w/: How to take:
Use: Tuberculosis
Interacts w/: Red wine, aged cheese, and dried meats
Supplement w/: Vita D and Ca and b12!
How to take: Don’t take w/ food
Humulin R/Novolin R
- onset
- duration
- onset: 30-45 mins before eating
- duration: 3-6hrs
* R = shoRt acting
Hard cheeses would be inappropriate w/
MAOIs
Glucocorticoids (Prednisone) Use: How it works: Leads to: Supplement w/: How to take:
Use: Anti-inflammatory, immuno-suppressant, asthma, bronchitis, rash and swelling
How it works: Prevents against inflammation
Leads to: HTN, weight gain, hyperglycemia (chronic: osteoporosis, sodium, water retention)
Supplement w/: Ca, Vita D, and B6
How to take: Take w/ a low sodium diet, high protein diet that included sources of calcium
Colchicine Use: How it works: Leads to: Supplement w/:
Use: Gout
How it works: Anti-inflammatory
Leads to: Joint pain, lowers Fe, folate, B12 leading to anemia
Supplement w/: Fe, Folic acid and B12
Digoxin Use: How it works: Leads to: Interacts w/: Supplement w/:
Use: Treatment of arrhythmia
How it works: increases the output force of the heart and increases it’s rate of contractions by acting on the cellular sodium
Leads to: Hyperkalemia
Interacts w/: Avoid fiber (or do it 2 hours before and after taking)
Supplement w/: monitor food intake, V/M deficiencies
Lithium Carbonate Use: Leads to: Interacts w/: How to take:
Use: Bipolar and depression
Leads to: Weight gain
Interacts w/: consistent sodium and caffeine intake
How to take: Take w/ meals or immediately after meals 2-3x a day
Cyclosporine Use: How it works: Leads to: ** Interacts w/: How to take:
Use: Immune suppressing med for RA and psoriasis
How it works: Weakens the immune system to accept the new organ
Leads to: HTN, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia and hyperlipidemia
Interacts w/: GFJ, papaya, pineapple
How to take: Take consistently w/ or w/o food
