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USMLE 2 > Mneumonics > Flashcards

Mneumonics Flashcards

1
Q

Barbie Likes Clothes Cars & Mycum from my Rod

A

G+ Rods:

Bacillus
Listeria
Clostridium
Corynebacterium
Mycobacterium
Barbie = Bacillus
Likes = Listeria
Clothes = Clostridium
Cars = Corynebacterium
Mycum = Mycobacterium
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2
Q

Branch out & Act like No One Cares

A

G+ Branching Filamentous

Actinomyces
Nocardia

ACT = Actinomyces
No One CARes = NOCARdia

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3
Q

Not Likely To Be Considered G- Rods

A

G- Non-Rod Bacterium

Neisseria
Leptospira
Treponema
Borrelia
Chlamydia
Rickettsiae

Not = Neisseria - Circular
Likely To Be = Leptospira, Treponema, Borrelia - Spiral
Considered Rods = Chlamydiae, Rickettsiae - Pleomorphic

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4
Q

Treed Leapords Spiral around when Bored

A

G- Spiral

Treponema
Leptospira
Borrelia

Treed = Treponema
Leapords = Leptospira
Bored = Borrelia
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5
Q

These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color

A

Bugs that don’t Gram stain well

Treponema
Rickettsia
Mycobacteria
Mycoplasma
Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia

Mostly Non-Rod G- (except Legionella = G- Rod)

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6
Q

PASs the sugar

A

PAS stains glycogen

Used in diagnosing Whipple’s disease (Tropheryma Whippelii)

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7
Q

to connect to Neisseria, please use your VPN client

A

Neisseria Gonorrhea culture requires VPN

Vancomycin
Polymyxin
Nystatin

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8
Q

Bordet for …….?

A

Bordet for Bordetella

B Pertussis requires Bordet-Gengou agar

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9
Q

Nagging Pests Must Breath

A

Obligate aerobes which use an O2-dependent system to generate ATP

Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus

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10
Q

MY NO (nitric oxide) CAR BAsically Produces AER (air)

A

Obligate Aerobes

Mycobacterium
Nocardia
Bacillus
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

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11
Q

anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air

A

Obligate Anaerobes

Clostridium
Bacteroides
Actinomyces

All lack catalase & superoxide dismutase

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12
Q

stay inside when it is Really Cold

A

Obligate Intracellular bugs

Rickettsia
Chlamydia

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13
Q

Some Nasty Bugs May Live Faculatively Longer

A

Faculative Intracellular bugs

Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
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14
Q

Kapsules produce A Shield to protect SHiN

A

Encapsulated Bacteria & IgA Proteases (SHiN)

Klebsiella
Salmonella

S. Pneumoniae
H. influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis

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15
Q

Particular Kinds Have Urease

A

Urease-Positive bugs

Proteus
Klebsiella
H. Pylori
Ureaplasma

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16
Q

Israelli’s produce Yellow Sulfur bombs

A

Pigment-producing bacteria:

Actinomyces Israelii - Yellow “sulfur” granules

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17
Q

Aureus (latin) = gold

A

S. Aureus produces yellow pigment

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18
Q

aeruGela is Green

A

pseudomonas aeruGinosa produces blue-Green pigment

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19
Q

Cholera turns the “on” switch on

A

B. Cholera toxin activates Gs

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20
Q

Pertussis turns the “off” switch off

A

Pertussis toxin disables Gi

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21
Q

N-dotoxin is an integral part of ……..?

A

N-dotoxin (endotoxin) is an integral part of gram-Negative outer membrane

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22
Q

Lysogeny: “ABCDE”

A

Toxins produced by a lysogenic phage:

shigA-like 
Botulinum
Cholera
Diphtheria
Erythrogenic toxin from S. Pyogenes
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23
Q

cAtalase positive = ?

strEptococcus is: catalase positive or negative??

A

cAtalase pos = stAphylococcus

strEptococcus = catalase nEgative

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24
Q

on the offices STAPH retreat, there was NO StRES

A

Staphylococci:

NOvobiocin - Saprophyticus is Resistant
Epidermidis is Sensitive

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25
OVRPS (overpass)
Streptococci Optochin - Viridans is Resistant Pneumoniae is Sensitive Both are alpha hemolytic
26
B-BRAS
Streptococci Bacitracin - group B strep are Resistant (S. Agalactiae) group A strep are Sensitive (S. Pyogenes) Both are Beta hemolytic
27
MOPS
S. Pneumoniae causes: Meningitis Otitis media Pneumonia Sinusitis S. Pneumo is also Most OPtochin Sensitive (MOPS)
28
rheumatic PHever has no "rheum" for SPECCulation
Rheumatic Fever is caused by Pharyngitis as a result of S. Pyogenes ``` Rheumatic fever causes: Subcutaneous plaques Polyarthritis Erythema marginatum Chorea Carditis ```
29
Diptheria "ABCDEFG"
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ADP ribosylation (inhibits protein synthesis) Beta-prophage Corynebacterium Diphtheriae Elongation Factor 2 (ribosylated to inhibit protein synthesis) Granules (metachromatic granules present on lab diagnosis)
30
PERFringens PERForates a gangernous leg
C. Perfingens causes myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
31
DIfficile causes DIarrhea
C. Difficile kills enterocytes, causing pseudomembranous colitis = diarrhea
32
SNAP
Sulfa drugs for Nocardia asteroides Actinomyces israelii use Penicillin
33
macConKEE'S agar tests for lactose
Lactose + bacteria: ``` Citrobacter Klebsiella E. coli Enterobacter Serratia ```
34
When a child has "flu" mom goes to a five (V) and dime (X) store to buy some chocolate
H. Influenzae requires factor V and X for growth Requires Chocolate agar for growth
35
A French legionnair with a silver helmet, sits by a campfire (charcoal) with his iron dagger - he is no sissy (cysteine)
Legionella Pneumophila Requires Silver Stain for stain & Charcoal yeast for culture w/ Iron & Cysteine
36
Roundworms draw MAPps (drugs for roundworms)
Mebendazole Albendazole Pyrantel pamoate ``` Roundworms: Trichuris Trichiura Ascaris Lumbricoides Necator & Ancylostoma Enterobius Vermicularis ```
37
Thread on Albert's skin makes him itchy (drugs for threadworms)
Thiabendazole Albendazole Threadowrms: Cutaneous larval migrans Strongyloides
38
Prazaquantel looks like a spelling fluke (drug for flukes)...what are the flukes
Prazaquantel treats flukes: Schistosoma Clonorchis Sinensis Paragonimus Westermani
39
I don't have a clue why I smell fish in the vagina garden
Gardnerella Vaginalis: Fishy smell Clue cells present micrscopically Gray discharge Treatment: Metronidazole
40
Rickettsia on the wRists, Typhus on the Trunk
Rickettsia Rickettsii rash starts on hands & feet & travels proximal Rickettsia Typhus rash starts on the trunk and travels distally Treatment: Tetracycline Remember: Both Chlamydiae & Rickettsia are G- Pleomorphic & treated w/ Tets
41
you drive CARS using your PALMS & SOLES
PALM & SOLE rashes: Coxsackievirus A (hand, foot, & mouth) Rocky mtn. spotted fever Syphilis
42
Elementary bodies Enfect by Entering cells Reticulate bodies Replicate through cytoplasmic RNA
Chlamydiae infectious spread Elemetary bodies transfer from cell to cell Reticulate bodies replicate inside infected cells Treatment: Tetracycline or Erythromycin Remember: Both Chlamydiae & Rickettsia are G- Pleomorphic & treated w/ Tets
43
Military & Prison personel are affected by this type of Pneumonia
Mycoplasma Pneumonia (Military & Prisons) Treatment: Tetracycline
44
Histo Hides...where?
Histpolasmosis hides w/ in Macrophages
45
Blasto Buds Broadly
Blastomycosis replicates via Broad-based budding
46
Boo Boo (the dog) carries which kind of mycoses?
Blastomycosis (Boo Boo)
47
Cock Suckers live in the SW
Coccidiodomycosis
48
Paracoccidio Parasails w/ the CAPTAIN'S WHEEL all the way to LATIN AMERICA
Paracoccidiodomycosis forms budding yeast w/ "captain's wheel" formations Most common in Latin America
49
Cold = Mold Heat = yeast
Dimorphic fungi lifecycles (except coccidiodomycosis which is a SPHERULE in tissue)
50
"Spaghetti & meatballs" on KOH prep
Tinea versicolor caused by Malassezia Furfur Collects on skin surface and bleaches skin below infection by masking sun exposure
51
Pseudohyphae & budding yeast is a buzz for which fungus?
Candida Albicans ``` Treatment: Nystatin (superficial infection) Amp B (systemic infections) ```
52
think "A" for Acute Angles in which kind of fungal infection?
A for Acute Angles in Aspergillus Branching septate hyphae form 45 degree angles
53
INDIA INK is used to stain which kind of fungal infection?
Cryptococcus Neoformans "Indians are creepy (crypto) informants (neoformans)"
54
Which fungal disease is most commonly associated w/ ketoacidotic diabetic & leukemic pts? They often have "wide-angled branching" nonseptate hyphae
Mucor & Rhizopus "Ketoacidotic diabetics have nasty mucus (mucor) that smells like rotting puss (rhizopus)"
55
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia in an AIDS pt. What is the most likely agent and at what CD4 level must they be below?
Pneumocystitis Jiroveci CD4<400 Treatment: TMP-SMX
56
ROSE GARDERNER'S disease/infection Local pustule or ulcer w/ nodules associated w/ thorns
Sporothrix Schenckii -thrix = thorn
57
Protozoan associated w/ foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea seen in campers/hikers What is the treatment?
Giardia Lamblia Treatment: Metronidazole
58
Protozoan which ingests RBCs Produces bloody diarrhea, LIVER ABSCESSES & RUQ pain What is its treatment?
Entamoeba Histolytica Treatment: Metronidazole (treats liver abscess) & Iodoquinol (treats luminal parasite in lg intestine)
59
ACID-FAST protozoan associated w/ SEVERE DIARRHEA IN AIDS
Cryptosporidium
60
RING-ENHANCING BRAIN LESIONS | "CHIC" causes triad of CHORIORETINITIS, HYDROCEPHALUS & INTRACRANIAL CALCIFICATIONS in fetus from being around cat feces
Toxoplasma Gondii Treatment: Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine (also used for emergency treatment of Plasmodium Falciparum (malaria))
61
think NALGENE bottle filled w/ FRESHWATER containing this protozoite that causes rapid fatal meningoencephalitis
Naegleria Fowleri Naegleria = Nalgene Fowleri = Freshwater waterfowl
62
Tsetse Fly transmits which protozoan?
Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness)
63
SURe is nice to go to sleep; MELAtonin helps w/ sleep Which treatment is this mneumonic describing?
SURamin for blood-borne Trypanosoma disease MELArsoprol for CNS Trypanosoma infection
64
The KISSING BUG causes MEGACOLON & MEGAESOPHAGUS by transmitting which protozoan?
Trypanosoma Cruzi Treatment: Nifurtimox
65
The SANDFLY causes SPIKING FEVERS & CUTANEOUS ULCERATIONS by spreading which protozoan?
Leishmania Donovani Treatment: Sodium Stibogluconate
66
What are your 3 options for treating non-emergent (i.e. prophylaxis or dormant) Plasmodium Falciparum or Plasmodium Vivax/Ovale?
Chloroquine (1st line prophylaxis) Mefloquine (2nd line prophylaxis if CQ resistant) Primaquine for dormant forms (P. Vivax/Ovale)
67
MALTESE CROSS formation in RBCs is associated w/ which protozoan?
Babesia Note: Think Babies being babtized w/ a Priest holding a cross Babesia causes hemolytic anemia due to the RBC destruction
68
"Burning green itching weed causes a foul smell that is worse than an infected vagina" What is it's treatment?
Trichomonas Vaginalis Description: Foul-smellling, greenish discharge, burning & itching Transmitted through sexual contact Treatment: Metronidazole Similar treatment to Gardnerella Vaginalis but slightly different description
69
"Strong Ass Nectar Entered my Airway & Tricked Ne(matode)" Nematodes treated w/ -bendazoles
``` Strongyloides stercoralis Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Enterobius vermicularis Ascaris lumbricoides Trichinella spiralis ```
70
IVERmectin is used to treat rIVER blindness...which bug is treated w/ IVERmectin?
Onchocerca Volvulus causes rIVER blindness It is transmitted by BLACKflies, causes BLACK skin (hyperpigmentation), and BLACK sight (blindness) Treated w/ IVERmectin
71
"Toxic Canines can Lowly Lie, Waiting to Bite Ne(matode)" Nematodes treated w/ Diethylcarbamazine
Toxocara Canis Loa Loa Wuchereria Bancrfoti All treated w/ Diethylcarbamazine
72
Helminths that have T S...l in their name are associated w/ pork. Which helminiths are these?
``` Trichenella SpiraLis (pork roundworm/nematode) Taneia SoLium (pork tapeworm/cestode) ```
73
"Strong enough to produce AUTOINFECTION/HYPERINFECTION" This describes which nematode?
Strongylides Stercoralis
74
"Ten Soldiers Tried Acid & Each Entered Veronica's Veluptuous Labia" Helminths transfered through Eggs
``` Taenia solium Trichuris trichuria Ascaris lumbricoides Echinococcus granulosus Enterbious vermicularis Visceral Larval migrans ```
75
diphylloBothrium latum is associated w/ which kind of anemia?
Macrocytic Anemia due to a B12 deficiency
76
"DIe From Lightly Cooked Salmon" These helminths are associated w/ Raw Fish:
Diphyllobothrium Latum | Clonorchis Sinesis
77
"Pretty Wild how Trematodes Can Swim through ****" Trematodes treated w/ Praziquantel
Paragonimus Westermani Clonorchis Sinensis Schistosoma
78
Clono = Cholo What would you think Clonorchis Sinesis would be associated w/?
Clono = Cholo | Choloangiocarcinoma
79
nematodes transmitted through the SANd
Strongyloides Ancylostoma Necator
80
brain cysts & seizures are associated w/ which helminth?
Taenia Solium (cysticercosis)
81
Liver cysts are associated w/ which helminth?
Echinococcus Granulosus
82
B12 deficiency is associated w/ which helminth?
Diphyllobothrium Latum
83
Biliary tract disease is associated w/ which helminth?
Clonorchis Sinensis (Cholo = Clono)
84
Hemoptysis is associated w/ which helminth?
Paragonimus Westermani
85
Portal HTN is associated w/ which helminth?
Schistosoma Mansoni
86
Hematuria & bladder cancer are associated w/ which helminth?
Schistosoma Haematobium
87
Microcytic anemia is associated w/ which helminth?
Ancylostoma & Necator
88
Perianal pruritus is associated w/ which helminth?
Enterbius Vermicularis
89
"LIVE! One night only! See SMALL YELLOW CHICKENS get vaccinated w/ SABIN'S and MMR!" Which vaccines are live attenuated?
``` Smallpox Yellow fever Chickenpox Sabin's polio virus MMR ```
90
"RIP Always" Which vaccines are killed (RIP)?
Rabies Influenza salk Polio hAv (Hepatitis A)
91
all DNA viruses are double stranded except the one that is PART-OF-A-VIRUS. Which virus is this?
Parvovirus is PART-OF-A-VIRUS & is single stranded
92
all RNA viruses are single stranded except the one that is a REPEATOVIRUS. Which virus is this?
Reovirus is a REPEATOVIRUS & is double stranded
93
CPR & PAPP smears require you to be NAKED...just like these viruses:
Calcicivurs (RNA) Picornavirus (RNA) Reovirus (RNA) Parvovirus (DNA) Adenovirus (DNA) Papillomavirus (DNA) Polyomavirus (DNA)
94
all DNA viruses are HHAPPPy
``` Hepadnavirus Herpesevirus Adenovirus Parvovirus Papillomavirus Polyomavirus Poxvirus ```
95
you can get herpes in a CHEVrolet...name the different herpes virus family members
CMV HSV EBV VZV
96
CMV = cytOWLmegalovirus. | Which characteristic feature is receognized microscopically?
OWL's eyes
97
HSV = Herpes Spreads Viciously to MULTIPLE CELLS What characteristic feature is recognized microscopically in HSV?
MULTINUCLEATED GIANT CELLS May also see intranuclear COWDRY A INCLUSIONS
98
Picornavirus sits on a PERCH Name the viruses which are part of the Picornavirus family
``` Poliovirus Echovirus Rhinovirus Coxsackievirus HAV ```
99
"Dang that West St. Louis Yellow Hot Cheese Venison has great Flavor" Which viruses are part of the Flavivirus family?
``` Dengue West nile virus St. Louis encephalitis Yellow fever HCV ```
100
Think of Germans wearing Togas on Horses for all of the Togavirus family members
Rubella (German measles) eastern EQUINE encephalitis western EQUINE encephalitis
101
Orthomyxovirus ortho = mouth = flu myx = mixed = segmented
Orthomyxovirus is a SEGMENTED RNA virus which causes the FLU
102
PaRaMyxovirus - Name all of the members of the paramyxovirus family
Parainfluenza - croup RSV Rubeola (measles) Mumps
103
"Wait 4 Fever to CLEAR" Associated w/ Kawasaki disease
Fever > 4-5 days ``` Conjunctivitis Lip cracking Erythema of hands & feet Adenopathy (cervical) Rash (desquamative) ``` ONLY time you ever give ASPIRIN to a child for treatment
104
"FAN My Skin Asian Whore" Associated w/ Takayasu's Arteritis
``` Fever Arthritis Night sweats Myalgia Skin nodules Asian women Weak pulses in upper extremities ```
105
"Queen Proclaims Di's Pyramid More Sizzlin" Which class of drugs is this?
Class 1A (Na+ channel) Antiarrhythmatics Quinidine Procainamide Disopyramide Morcizine Blocks Na+ in phase 0 & K+ in phases 2 & 3 Increases QT Used for ALL arrhythmias
106
"I'd Buy Lidy's Mexican Phen Phen Tacos" Which class of drugs is this?
Class 1B (Na+ Channel) Antiarrhythmatics Lidocain Mexiletine Phenytoin Tocainide Used 1st for Ventricular arrhythmias
107
"Chipotle's Food has Excellent Produce" Which class of drugs is this?
Class 1C (Na+ Channel) Antiarrhythmatics Flecainide Encainide Propafenone Contraindicated post MI
108
Which class of antiarrhythmatic drugs is CONTRAINDICATED post MI? Which is BEST post-MI?
1C is Contraindicated post-MI 1B is Best post-MI
109
"2 Darrens & 2 Tilides Sat along the Potassium block" Which class of drugs is this?
Class III (K+ Channel) Antiarrhythmatic 2 Darrens: AmioDARONE, DroneDARONE 2 Tilides: IbuTILIDE, DofeTILIDE Sat along = Sotalol Used when all other antiarrhythmatics fail Block K+ channels to increse ERP & QT Amiodarone AEs: Pulmonary fibrosis, Hepatotoxicity, Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
110
Which class of antiarrhythmatic drugs primarily affects the AV nodal cells?
Class IV (Ca2+ channel blockers) Verapamil & Diltiazem

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