Mnemonics Flashcards
Beta blockers non/selective:
A through N: B1 selective: Acebutalol, Atenolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol.
O through Z: B1, B2 non-selective: Pindolol, Propanalol, Timolol.
_Classification I to IV
“MBA College” In order of class I to IV:
Membrane stabilizers (class I)
Beta blockers
Action potential widening agents
Calcium channel blockers
amiodarone action and se’s:
6 P's: Prolongs action potential duration Photosensitivity Pigmentation of skin Peripheral neuropathy Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism
Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions
ABCDE: Asthma Block (heart block) COPD Diabetes mellitus Electrolyte (hyperkalemia)
Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers
"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem" (because he has a runny nose...): Timolol Pindolol Hismolol Naldolol Propranolol
Warfarin: metabolism
SLOW: --- Has a slow onset of action. --- A quicK Vitamin K antagonist, though. Small lipid-soluble molecule Liver: site of action Oral route of administration. Warfarin
Antimuscarinics: members, action
"Inhibits Parasympathetic And Sweat": Ipratropium Pirenzepine Atropine Scopolamine ---- Muscarinic receptors at all parasympathetic endings sweat glands in sympathetic.
Beta 1 selective blockers
"BEAM ONE up, Scotty": Beta 1 blockers: Esmolol Atenolol Metropolol
Direct sympathomimetic catecholamines
DINED: Dopamine Isoproterenol Norepinephrine Epinephrine Dobutamine
Morphine: effects at mu receptor
PEAR: Physical dependence Euphoria Analgesia Respiratory depression
Myasthenia gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmine
eDrophonium is for Diagnosis.
pyRIDostigmine is to get RID of symptoms.
Opiods: mu receptor effects
"MD CARES": Miosis Dependency Constipation Analgesics Respiratory depression Euphoria Sedation
Phenobarbitone: side effects
Children are annoying (hyperkinesia, irritability, insomnia, aggression).
Adults are dosy (sedation, dizziness, drowsiness).
Phenytoin: adverse effects
PHENYTOIN: P-450 interactions Hirsutism Enlarged gums Nystagmus Yellow-browning of skin Teratogenicity Osteomalacia Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia) Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
Sodium valproate: side effects
VALPROATE: Vomiting Alopecia Liver toxicity Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia Retention of fats (weight gain) Oedema (peripheral oedema) Appetite increase Tremor Enzyme inducer (liver)
Bleomycin: action
“Bleo-Mycin Blows My DNA to bits”:
Bleomycin works by fragmenting DNA (blowing it to bits).
My DNA signals that its used for cancer (targeting self cells)
Therapeutic index: formula
TILE:
TI = LD50 / ED50
Zero order kinetics drugs (most common ones)
“PEAZ (sounds like pees) out a constant amount”:
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin
Zero order
—- Someone that pees out a constant amount describes zero order kinetics (always the same amount out)
Ohm’s Law
“Virgins Are Rare”:
Volts = Amps x Resistance
Ideal gas law
“Pure Virgins Never Really Tire”:
PV=nRT
Electric units
"Vaulting John Says: 'Ann Can Sing OVA'. What Just Sing? And Vault.": Volts = Joules/Sec Amps = Coulombs/Sec Ohms = Volts/Amp Watts = Joules/Sec=Amps x Volts
Work: formula
"Lots of Work gets me Mad!": Work = Mad: M=Mass a=acceleration d=distance
Heart electrical conduction pathway
“If patient’s family are all having Heart attacks, you must SAVe HIS KIN!”
SA node —>
AV node —>
His (bundle of) –>
PurKINje fibers
Heart valves: closure sequence
“Many Things Are Possible”:
Mitral, Tricuspid, Aortic, Pulmonic
Temperature control: cerebral regions
“High Power Air Conditioner”:
Heating = Posterior hipothalamo [hypothalamus].
Anterior hipothalamo [hypothalamus] = Cooling.
Compliance of lungs factors
COMPLIANCE: Collagen deposition (fibrosis) Ossification of costal cartilages Major obesity Pulmonary venous congestion Lung size* Increased expanding pressure Age* No surfactant Chest wall scarring Emphysema*
—- All but L/A/E decrease compliance.
Erector spinae muscles
"I Love Sex": --From lateral to medial: Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis === Alternatively: "I Long for Spinach" === "Sex" helps you think of "Erector", but "Long" and "Spinach" help you remember the muscles' names.
Spinal cord: length in vertebral column
SCULL:
Spinal Cord Until L2 (LL).
Spinal anesthesia agents
"Little Boys Prefer Toys": Lidocaine Bupivicaine Procaine Tetracaine
Cranial and spinal neural crest: major derivatives
GAMES: Glial cells (of peripheral ganglia) Arachnoid (and pia) Melanocytes Enteric ganglia Schwann cells Knowledge Level
Horner’s syndrome: components
SAMPLE: Sympathetic chain injury Anhidrosis Miosis Ptosis Loss of ciliospinal reflex Enophthalmos
Spinal tracts: Gracilus vs. Cuneatus: origin from upper vs. lower limbs
Gracilus is the name of a muscle in the legs, so Fasciculus Gracilus is for the lower limbs.
By default, Fasciculus Cuneatus must be for upper limbs
