Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Beta blockers non/selective:

A

A through N: B1 selective: Acebutalol, Atenolol, Esmolol, Metoprolol.

O through Z: B1, B2 non-selective: Pindolol, Propanalol, Timolol.

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2
Q

_Classification I to IV

A

“MBA College” In order of class I to IV:

Membrane stabilizers (class I)
Beta blockers
Action potential widening agents
Calcium channel blockers

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3
Q

amiodarone action and se’s:

A
6 P's:
Prolongs action potential duration
Photosensitivity
Pigmentation of skin
Peripheral neuropathy
Pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis
Peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 is inhibited -> hypothyroidism
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4
Q

Beta-blockers: main contraindications, cautions

A
ABCDE:
Asthma
Block (heart block)
COPD
Diabetes mellitus
Electrolyte (hyperkalemia)
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5
Q

Beta-blockers: nonselective beta-blockers

A
"Tim Pinches His Nasal Problem" (because he has a runny nose...):
Timolol
Pindolol
Hismolol
Naldolol
Propranolol
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6
Q

Warfarin: metabolism

A
SLOW:
--- Has a slow onset of action.
--- A quicK Vitamin K antagonist, though.
Small lipid-soluble molecule
Liver: site of action
Oral route of administration.
Warfarin
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7
Q

Antimuscarinics: members, action

A
"Inhibits Parasympathetic And Sweat":
Ipratropium
Pirenzepine
Atropine
Scopolamine
---- Muscarinic receptors at all parasympathetic endings sweat glands in sympathetic.
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8
Q

Beta 1 selective blockers

A
"BEAM ONE up, Scotty":
Beta 1 blockers:
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metropolol
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9
Q

Direct sympathomimetic catecholamines

A
DINED:
Dopamine
Isoproterenol
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
Dobutamine
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10
Q

Morphine: effects at mu receptor

A
PEAR:
Physical dependence 
Euphoria 
Analgesia 
Respiratory depression
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11
Q

Myasthenia gravis: edrophonium vs. pyridostigmine

A

eDrophonium is for Diagnosis.

pyRIDostigmine is to get RID of symptoms.

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12
Q

Opiods: mu receptor effects

A
"MD CARES":
Miosis
Dependency
Constipation
Analgesics
Respiratory depression
Euphoria
Sedation
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13
Q

Phenobarbitone: side effects

A

Children are annoying (hyperkinesia, irritability, insomnia, aggression).
Adults are dosy (sedation, dizziness, drowsiness).

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14
Q

Phenytoin: adverse effects

A
PHENYTOIN:
P-450 interactions
Hirsutism
Enlarged gums
Nystagmus
Yellow-browning of skin
Teratogenicity
Osteomalacia
Interference with B12 metabolism (hence anemia)
Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache
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15
Q

Sodium valproate: side effects

A
VALPROATE:
Vomiting
Alopecia
Liver toxicity
Pancreatitis/ Pancytopenia
Retention of fats (weight gain)
Oedema (peripheral oedema)
Appetite increase
Tremor
Enzyme inducer (liver)
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16
Q

Bleomycin: action

A

“Bleo-Mycin Blows My DNA to bits”:
Bleomycin works by fragmenting DNA (blowing it to bits).
My DNA signals that its used for cancer (targeting self cells)

17
Q

Therapeutic index: formula

A

TILE:

TI = LD50 / ED50

18
Q

Zero order kinetics drugs (most common ones)

A

“PEAZ (sounds like pees) out a constant amount”:
Phenytoin
Ethanol
Aspirin
Zero order
—- Someone that pees out a constant amount describes zero order kinetics (always the same amount out)

19
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

“Virgins Are Rare”:

Volts = Amps x Resistance

20
Q

Ideal gas law

A

“Pure Virgins Never Really Tire”:

PV=nRT

21
Q

Electric units

A
"Vaulting John Says: 'Ann Can Sing OVA'. What Just Sing? And Vault.":
Volts = Joules/Sec
Amps = Coulombs/Sec
Ohms = Volts/Amp
Watts = Joules/Sec=Amps x Volts
22
Q

Work: formula

A
"Lots of Work gets me Mad!":
Work = Mad:
M=Mass
a=acceleration
d=distance
23
Q

Heart electrical conduction pathway

A

“If patient’s family are all having Heart attacks, you must SAVe HIS KIN!”

SA node —>
AV node —>
His (bundle of) –>
PurKINje fibers

24
Q

Heart valves: closure sequence

A

“Many Things Are Possible”:

Mitral, Tricuspid, Aortic, Pulmonic

25
Q

Temperature control: cerebral regions

A

“High Power Air Conditioner”:
Heating = Posterior hipothalamo [hypothalamus].
Anterior hipothalamo [hypothalamus] = Cooling.

26
Q

Compliance of lungs factors

A
COMPLIANCE:
Collagen deposition (fibrosis)
Ossification of costal cartilages
Major obesity
Pulmonary venous congestion
Lung size*
Increased expanding pressure
Age*
No surfactant
Chest wall scarring
Emphysema*

—- All but L/A/E decrease compliance.

27
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A
"I Love Sex":
--From lateral to medial:
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis
=== Alternatively: "I Long for Spinach"
=== "Sex" helps you think of "Erector", but "Long" and "Spinach" help you remember the muscles' names.
28
Q

Spinal cord: length in vertebral column

A

SCULL:

Spinal Cord Until L2 (LL).

29
Q

Spinal anesthesia agents

A
"Little Boys Prefer Toys":
Lidocaine
Bupivicaine
Procaine
Tetracaine
30
Q

Cranial and spinal neural crest: major derivatives

A
GAMES:
Glial cells (of peripheral ganglia)
Arachnoid (and pia)
Melanocytes
Enteric ganglia
Schwann cells
Knowledge Level
31
Q

Horner’s syndrome: components

A
SAMPLE:
Sympathetic chain injury
Anhidrosis
Miosis
Ptosis
Loss of ciliospinal reflex
Enophthalmos
32
Q

Spinal tracts: Gracilus vs. Cuneatus: origin from upper vs. lower limbs

A

Gracilus is the name of a muscle in the legs, so Fasciculus Gracilus is for the lower limbs.
By default, Fasciculus Cuneatus must be for upper limbs