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Fiona's Lists/Causes etc > Mnemonics > Flashcards

Mnemonics Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Pancreatitis

I GET SMASHED

A

I GET SMASHED

I: idiopathic
G: gallstones
E: ethanol (alcohol)
T: trauma
S: steroids
M: mumps (and other infections) / malignancy
A: autoimmune
S: scorpion stings/spider bites
H: hyperlipidaemia/hypercalcaemia (metabolic disorders)
E: ERCP
D: drugs
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2
Q

Causes of abdominal distension

6 F’s

A
  1. Foetus
  2. Faeces
  3. Flatus
  4. Fluid
  5. Fat
  6. Fucking big tumour
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3
Q

Causes of APO

MADHATTER

A 
M:  myocardial infarct
A: anaemia
D: drugs or dietary high fluid or salt intake
H: hypertension
A: arrhythmias
T: thyrotoxicosis
T: toxic i.e. infection
E: endocarditis or embolism (pulmonary)
R: renal failure or pregnancy (‘ruptured placenta’)
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4
Q

Complications of Cirrhosis

VARICES

A 
V: varices 
A: anemia
R: renal failure 
I: infection 
C: coagulopathy 
E: encephalopathy 
S: sepsis
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5
Q

PADL and DADL

DEATH SHAFT

A 
D: dressing/bathing
E: eating
A: ambulating (walking)
T: toileting
H: hygiene
S: shopping
H: housework
A: accounting
F: food prep/medications
T: transport
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6
Q

Features of Multiple Myeloma

CRAB

A

C: calcium high
R: renal failure
A: anaemia
B: bony lesions

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7
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

S: syncope
A: angina
D: dyspnoea

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8
Q

Acute management of MI

MONA

A

M: morphine
O: oxygen (aim for sats of 94-96)
N: nitrates (GTN)
A: aspirin

Extended: MONASH
S: streptokinase (anti-platelet)
H: heparin (anti-coagulation)

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9
Q

Features of Marfan’s

MARFANS

A 
M: mitral prolapse
A: aortic dissection
R: regurgitant aortic valve
F: fingers long (arachnodactyly)
A: arm span>height
N: nasal voice (high arched palate)
S: sternal excavation
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10
Q

Triad for Wernicke’s

GOA

A

G: global confusion
O: ophthalmoplegia
A: ataxia

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11
Q

Causes of heart failure

HEART FAILED

A

H: hypertension (common)
E: endocarditis/environment (e.g. heat wave)
A: anemia
R: rheumatic heart disease and other valvular disease
T: thyrotoxicosis
F: failure to take meds (very common)
A: arrhythmia (common)
I: infection/Ischemia/Infarction (common)
L: lung problems (PE, pneumonia, COPD)
E: endocrine (pheochromocytoma, hyperaldosteronism)
D: diet (common)

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12
Q

Causes of GI bleeding

ABCDEFGHI

A 
A: angiodysplasia
B: bowel cancer
C: colitis
D: diverticulitis/ Duodenal ulcer
E: epitaxis/ Esophageal (cancer, esophagitis, varices)
F: fistula (anal, aortaenteric)
G: gastric (cancer, ulcer, gastritis)
H: haemorrhoids
I: infectious diarrhoea/ IBD/ischaemic bowel
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13
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism (hypercalcemia)

A 
Moans: psychosis
Groans: (abdominal) N+V, indigestion
Bones: bone pain
Thrones: polyuria & constipation
Stones: renal calculi
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14
Q

Hyponatremia

TACTL

A 
T - twitching, tremors, weakness
A - abdominal cramps
C - cool, pale skin
T - tachycardia
L - reduced LOC, lethargy, confusion
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15
Q

Hypernatremia

TRIP

A

T - twitching, tremors, hyperreflexia
R - restlessness
I - intense thirst
P - pulmonary and peripheral oedema

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16
Q

Hypokalemia

SUCTION

A 
S - skeletal muscle weakness,
U - U wave and ECG changes
C - constipation, ileus
T - toxic effects of digoxin
I - irregular pulse
O -
N - numbness
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17
Q

Hyperkalemia

T-WAVE

A 
T - tall, peaked T waves
W - weakness in lower extremities
A - anxiety and irritability
V - v fib and dysrhythmias
E - ECG changes
18
Q

Inhibitors of Cytochrome P450

PIG MACCS

A

P - protease inhibitors
I - isoniazid
G - grapefruit

M - macrolides
A - azole antifungals
C - cimetidine
C - ciprofloxacin
S - sulphonamides
19
Q

3 C’s of assessing an optic disc

A

Cup - middle of disc, where vessels emerge from. Lighter in colour. (cup-disc ratio

20
Q

Endocarditis

FAME

A

F: fever
A: anemia
M: murmur
= think E: endocarditis

21
Q

Hyperglycemia VS Hypoglycemia

A

Hot and dry: sugar high

Cold and clammy: need some candy

22
Q

Hypoglycemia Signs

TIRED

A 
T: tachycardia
I: irritability
R: restlessness
E: excessive hunger
D: depression and diaphoresis
23
Q

Portal Hypertension Symptoms

ABCDE

A 
A: ascites
B: bleeding (hematemesis, piles)
C: caput medusa
D: diminished liver
E: enlarged spleen
24
Q

Horner’s syndrome

MAP

A

M: miosis (constricted pupil)
A: anhidrosis (lack of hemifacial sweating - location to localise lesion)
P: partial ptosis

25
Q

Features of Nephritic Syndrome

PHAROH

A 
P: proteinuria 
H: hematuria
A: azotemia (increase in blood urea nitrogen)
R: RBC casts 
O: oliguria 
H: hypertension
26
Q

Presentation of Nephrotic Syndrome

HELP

A

H: hypoalbuminemia
E: edema
L: lipid abnormalities
P: proteinuria

27
Q

AV node blocking agents

ABCD

A

A: adenosine, amiodarone
B: beta-blockers
C: calcium channel blockers
D: digoxin

28
Q

Causes of AF

PIRATES

A

P: PE, pulmonary disease, post-operative
I: IHD, infarction, idiopathic (“lone atrial fibrillation”)
R: rheumatic disease (MR or MS)
A: anemia, alcohol (“holiday heart”), autonomic tone (vagal atrial fibrillation)
T: thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism)
E: elevated BP, electrocution, endocarditis
S: sleep apnea, sepsis, surgery

29
Q

Limited Scleroderma: CREST syndrome

CREST

A 
C: calcinosis
R: Raynaud’s phenomenon
E: esophageal dysmotility 
S: sclerodactyly
T: telangiectasias
30
Q

Risk factors for VTE

THROMBOSIS

A 
T: trauma, travel 
H: hypercoagulable, HRT 
R: recreational drugs (IVDU) 
O: old (age >60) 
M: malignancy
B: birth control pill
O: obesity, obstetrics
S: surgery, smoking 
I: immobilization
S: sickness (CHF, MI, nephrotic syndrome, vasculitis)
31
Q

Symptoms of SLE

SOAP BRAIN MD

A

S: serositis
O: oral ulcers
A: arthritis (non- erosive)
P: photosensitivity

B: blood disorders
R: renal involvement
A: antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)
I: immunological disorder (Anti- dsDNA, Anti-Sm, Antiphospholipid antibodies
N: neurologic disorder(seizure/psychosis)

M: malar rash
D: discoid rash

32
Q

Causes of High anion gap metabolic acidosis

MUD PILES CAT

A

M: methanol
U: uremia
D: diabetic ketoacidosis

P: paraldehyde, Phenformin 
I: iron, Isoniazid 
L: lactic acidosis 
E: ethylene glycol 
S: salicylates

C: carbon monoxide, Cyanide
A: alcoholic ketoacidosis
T: toluene

33
Q

Complications of MI

CRASH PAD

A 
C: Cardiac Rupture (1-7d)
A: Arrhythmia (48h)
S: Shock (48h)
H: Hypertension/Heart failure (48h) 
P: Pericarditis (1-7d) /Pulmonary emboli (1w)  
A: Aneurysm
D: DVT
34
Q

B symptoms

FUN

Prognostic value in Hodgkin & Non Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

F: fever >38 (Pel-Ebstein fever)
U: unintentional weight loss >10% in less than 6months
N: night sweats (drenching)

35
Q

X-ray features of osteoarthritis

LOSS

A

L: loss of joint space
O: osteophytes
S: subchondral sclerosis
S: subchondral cysts

36
Q

The 8 I’s that precipitate DKA:

A 
Infection
Ischemia or Infarction 
Iatrogenic (glucocorticoids) 
Intoxication
Insulin missed
Initial presentation 
Intraop/periop stress
Intra-abdominal process
(e.g. pancreatitis, cholecystitis)
37
Q

Side effects of Valproate

A

V: valproate side-effects
A: appetite, weight gain
L: liver failure (watch LFT esp. during 1st 6 months)
P: pancreatitis
R: reversible hair loss (grows back curly)
O: oedema
A: ataxia
T: teratogenicity, tremor, thrombocytopenia
E: encephalopathy (due to hyperammonaemia)

38
Q

Factors that shift the Oxygen-Hb Dissociation curve to the RIGHT.

“CADET, face right!”

A 
C: CO 2
A: acid 
D: 2,3-DPG 
E: exercise 
T: temperature
39
Q

Common pathogens that cause UTIs

KEEPS

A 
Klebsiella sp.
E. coli (90%), other Gram-negatives 
Enterococci

Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas

S. saprophyticus
40
Q

Causes of Joint pain

SOFTER TISSUE

A 
Sepsis
OA
Fracture 
Tendon/Muscle
Epiphyseal 
Referred

Tumour
Ischemia
Seropositive arthritides Seronegative arthritides
Urate (gout)/other crystal
Extra-articular rheumatism (PMR/fibromyalgia)

41
Q

Triad for Churg Strauss

AES

A

Allergic rhinitis and asthma (often quiescent at time of vasculitis)

Eosinophilic infiltrative disease resembling pneumonia

Systemic vasculitis often mononeuritis multiplex/peripheral neuropathy and peripheral eosinophilia

42
Q

Causes of SAH

BATS

A

Berry aneurysm
Arteriovenous malformation/Adult polycystic kidney disease
Trauma
Stroke

Fiona's Lists/Causes etc (6 decks)

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