Classifications

Question 1

3 Grades of Varices

Answer 1

Small (Grade 1): small straight varices

Medium (Grade 2): enlarged tortuous varices occupying less than one third of the lumen

Large (Grade 3): large coil-shaped varices occupying more than one third of the lumen.

Question 2

Skin lesions:

difference btw ecchymosis, purpura and petechiae

Answer 2

Petechiae 1 cm

They are caused by bleeding underneath the skin usually secondary to vasculitis or dietary deficiency of vitamin C.
They do not blanch when pressed.

Question 3

6 Grades of Murmurs

Answer 3

1/6 Very soft, only heard after listening for a while
2/6 Soft, but detectable immediately
3/6 Clearly audible, but no thrill palpable
4/6 Clearly audible, palpable thrill
5/6 Audible with stethoscope only partially touching chest
6/6 Can be heard without placing stethoscope on chest

Question 4

RUDAS

Answer 4

Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale

Total score out of 30.
Any score of 22 or less signifies possible cognitive impairment.

Question 5

King’s college criteria

Answer 5

Model for considering liver transplantation in paracetamol hepatotoxicity.

pH 6 (PT > 100s) +
Cr > 300mmol/L +
grade III or IV encephalopathy

Question 6

CURB 65

Answer 6

Predicting mortality in community-acquired pneumonia.

C: confusion of new onset
U: blood Urea nitrogen greater than 7 mmol/l
R: RR > 30
B: sys 65

Question 7

Child - Pugh Score

Answer 7

Total bilirubin
Serum Albumin
INR
Ascites
Hepatic encephalopathy

3 classes
A has better prognosis of chronic liver disease than C.