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MN lec Flashcards

1
Q

• inert substance added to increase tablet size or fill the capsule body

A

Diluent (Filler/ Bulking Agent)

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2
Q

a.
• Most common
• No reaction with most drugs
• Monohydrate, anhydrous, and spray-dried

A

Lactose

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3
Q

• Used as sweetener

A

b. Sucrose and Dextrose

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4
Q

• Good flow and very compressible
• Disintegrates rapidly in water

A

c. Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel®)

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5
Q

• Used as diluent, binder and disintegrant
• Modified Starch: Sta-Rx 1500®, Cellutab®

A

d. Starch

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6
Q

• Only inorganic salt used as diluent

A

e. Dibasic calcium Phosphate

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7
Q

• Used in chewable tablets • Negative heat of solution

A

f. Mannitol and xylitol

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8
Q

Diluent

A

a.Lactose
b. Sucrose and Dextrose
c. Microcrystalline Cellulose (Avicel®)
d. Starch
e. Dibasic calcium Phosphate
f. Mannitol and xylitol

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9
Q

• Imparts cohesiveness to powders causing them to from granules

A
  1. Binder
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10
Q
  1. Binder
A

a. Starch paste
b. Acacia & Tragacanth
c. Gelatin
d. Sucrose
e. Cellulose Derivatives

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11
Q

• Binder of choice for wet gran

A

a. Starch paste

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12
Q

• Natural guns

A

b. Acacia & Tragacanth

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13
Q

• Protein substance

A

c. Gelatin

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14
Q

• Can be used as powder or syrup

A

d. Sucrose

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15
Q

• Methyl cellulose
• Ethyl cellulose
• Carboxymethyl cellulose
• Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

A

e. Cellulose Derivatives

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16
Q

• Binder for chewable tablets

A

f. PVP

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17
Q

• Facilitates the breakup of a tablet when in contact with aqueous medium

A

Disintegrant

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18
Q

MOA: of disintegrant

A

Swelling
Wicking
Release of gas

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19
Q

– starch paste

A

• Swelling

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20
Q

• – MCC

A

Wicking

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21
Q

– effervescent tablets

A

• Release of gas

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22
Q

• Newer class of disintegrants which are effective at much lower levels
• Hydroscopic

A
  1. Superdisintegrant
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23
Q
  1. Superdisintegrant
A

a. Sodium Starch Glycolate (Explotab®, Primojel®)
b. Crospovidone
c. Croscarmellose Na

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24
Q

• Cross link starch polymer

A

a. Sodium Starch Glycolate (Explotab®, Primojel®)

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25
• Cross link polyvinylpyrrolidone
b. Crospovidone
26
• Cross link cellulose derivative
c. Croscarmellose Na
27
Fine powders added prior to compression to reduce friction and improve flow properties • Mostly hydrophobic and added at low concentration
5. Antifrictional Agents (Flow Activators)
28
Reduces friction between the tablet and die wall to facilitate ejection from die cavity
Lubricant
29
Reduces sticking to die walls and picking by punches
Antiadherent
30
Reduces friction among particles to enhance the flow
Glidant
31
• lubricant, antiadherent and glidant
a. Stearates (Mg, Ca, Na)
32
• lubricant and antiadherent
b. Purified Talc
33
• glidant
c. Colloidal Talc d. Colloidal SiO2 (Cab-O-Sil®) e. Silicates (Ca and Mg)
34
• hydrophilic lubricants
f. PEG and SLS
35
5. Antifrictional Agents (Flow Activators)
a. Stearates (Mg, Ca, Na) b. Purified Talc c. Colloidal Talc d. Colloidal SiO2 (Cab-O-Sil®) e. Silicates (Ca and Mg) f. PEG and SLS
36
• disguises off-color drugs and improves appearance
6. Colorant
37
Synthetic organic colorants Water-soluble Used in solution form
Dyes
38
Dyes adsorbed on an inorganic oxide Water-insoluble Used in fine dispersion or suspension form
Lakes
39
FD&C Designation Blue No. 1
Brilliant Blue FCF Blue
40
Blue No. 2
Indigotin Indigo
41
Blue No. 2
Indigotin Indigo
42
Green No. 3
Fast Green FCF Turquoise
43
Red No. 3
Erythrosine Pink
44
Red No. 40
Allura Red AC Red
45
Yellow No. 5
Tartrazine Yellow
46
Yellow No. 6
Sunset Yellow FCF Orange
47
masks the unpleasant taste of the drug
flavorant
48
• cinnamon, orange cherry, butterscotch
a. Salty
49
• chocolate, cherry, raspberry, mint
b. Bitter
50
• raspberry, lemon, fruity
c. Sour
51
• mint, lemon, orange
d. Oily
52
• vanilla, fruity
e. Unpleasantly sweet
53
8. •masks the unpleasant taste of the drug
Sweetener
54
8. •masks the unpleasant taste of the drug
Sweetener
55
Nutritive
• Sucrose • Fructose • Dextrose • HFCS
56
nutritive
• Sucrose • Fructose • Dextrose • HFCS
57
Sugar Alcohols
• Mannitol • Xylitol • Sorbitol • Erythritol
58
Sugar Alcohols
• Mannitol • Xylitol • Sorbitol • Erythritol
59
Non-nutritive Artificial
• Sucralose – 1,000x • Saccharin – 500x • Na Saccharin – 300x • Acesulfame K – 180-200x • Aspartame – 180-200x • Na cyclamate – 30x
60
• – 1,000x
Sucralose
61
– 500x
• Saccharin
62
– 300x
• Na Saccharin
63
– 180-200x
• Acesulfame K
64
– 180-200x
• Acesulfame K
65
– 180-200x
• Aspartame
66
– 30x
• Na cyclamate
67
Tablets
Dispensing Milling Mixing Granulation Tableting Coating
68
HGC
Dispensing Milling Mixing Granulation Filling Sealing
69
• first step in any manufacturing process • weighing and measuring • Objective: accuracy of weight → uniform dose Methods: • hand scooping and weighing • weighing with material lifting assistance • automated dispensaries Issues: • weighing accuracy • dust control (dust collecting assistance) • lot control of each ingredient • material movement (WH → DA → PA)
1. Dispensing
70
• particle size reduction • aka sizing, crushing, grinding and pulverization • Objective: easier and more uniform mixing
2. Milling
71
Methods and its Equipment:
a. Cutting b. Compression c. Impact d. Attrition e. Combined
72
Methods and its Equipment:
a. Cutting b. Compression c. Impact d. Attrition e. Combined
73
• material is cut by means of sharp blades • Cutter Mill – cuts particles using knives; for fibrous materials
a. Cutting
74
• material is cut by means of sharp blades • Cutter Mill – cuts particles using knives; for fibrous materials
a. Cutting
75
• material is crushed by application of pressure • End Runner Mill – mortar rotates • Edge Runner Mill – 2 rotating wheels
b. Compression
76
• material is crushed by application of pressure • End Runner Mill – mortar rotates • Edge Runner Mill – 2 rotating wheels
b. Compression
77
• material is hit by an object or it strikes a stationary phase • Hammer Mill – 4 or more hammers hinged on a shaft
c. Impact
78
• material is hit by an object or it strikes a stationary phase • Hammer Mill – 4 or more hammers hinged on a shaft
c. Impact
79
• material is crushed in between rubbing surfaces • Roller Mill – 2 metal cylindrical rolls rotating
d. Attrition
80
• Utilizes both impact and attrition methods • Ball Mill – hollow cylinder containing balls • Fluid Energy Mill – uses air with very high pressure
e. Combined
81
3. • blending materials together into one mass • Objectives: • uniform dose • even appearance • avoid segregation
Mixing
82
Equipment:
a. Batch Type Mixer b. Continuous Mixer
83
• all ingredients are loaded together, mixed for a long period, and discharged as a single batch
a. Batch Type Mixer
84
a. Batch Type Mixer
Rotating Shell/ Tumbling Mixers Fixed Shell Mixers

H (12 decks)

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