mmw Flashcards
a rule that relates values from a set of value to a second set of value
relation
a set of ordered pairs (x,y)
relation
what are the terms that can be used in x?
input, independent variable, domain, and abscissa
what are the terms that can be used in y?
output, dependent variable, range, ordinate
types of relation
one-to-one
one-to-many
many-to-one
many-to-many
a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one value in the range
function
identify if it is a function of not:
{(2, 3), (-1, 2), (2, 5), (4, 3)}
not function
identify if it is a function of not:
{(2, 3), (-1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 3)}
function
the development, execution, and supervision of plans, policies, programs, and practices that control the value of data information
data management
the process is what statistics is all about
data management
a branch of math dealing with the collection, organization, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data
statistics
how do we manage data?
we gather, organize, represent, and interpret
Data Gathering
direct or interview method
indirect or questionnaire method
registration method
observation method
experimental method
Data collected from whatever manner is called
raw data
Data can be classified according to the scale of measurement that four (4) levels of measurement:
nominal scale
ordinal scale
interval scale
retro scale
assigns names or labels
nominal scale
assigns numbers or labels to observations with implied ordering (highest/lowest)
ordinal scale
assigns real numbers to reflect distance between rank positions
interval scale
assigns numbers to observations to reflect the existence of absolute zero point
retro scale
different ways or forms to present data
textual form
tabular form
graphical form
makes use of words, sentences, and paragraphs; commonly used when there are only few numerical data
textual form
a systematic presentation of data in rows and columns
tabular form
shows numerical values in pictorial form
graphical form
good chart should possess the following properties:
accuracy
simple
clear
attractive
the dimensional aspect should reflect the highest degree of accuracy
accurate
the design should be straightforward
simple
it should be easily read and understood
clear
it is designed to attract and hold the attention
attractive
different types of graphs
line graph
bar graph
pie chart
pictograph
used when; (1) data cover long period of time; (2) several series are compared; (3) movements are to be determined; (4) trends are to be established
line graph
used to show percentage or the composition by parts of a whole
pie chart
used when numerical values that cover a long period of time are compared
bar graph
used to immediately suggest the nature of data
pictograph
are measures indicating the center of a set of data which are arranged in order of magnitude
measures of central tendency
It is described as the point about which the score tends to cluster, hence, regarded as a sort of average in the series
measures of central tendency
It is the center of the concentration of the scores
measures of central tendency
It is a single number which describes the totality of the set of data collected
measures of central tendency
It refers to the parameters of the sample
measures of central tendency
three measures of central tendency commonly used
mean
median
mode
is the most popular and well-known measure of central tendency
mean or arithmetic mean (average)
It can be used with both discrete and continuous data (although it is used most often with continuous data
mean or arithmetic mean (average)
the most frequently used measure of central tendency
mean or arithmetic mean (average)
The mean is denoted by a symbol __ for population
μ or mu
The mean is denoted by a symbol __ for sample
x̄ or x-bar
is the middle score for a set of data arranged in order of magnitude
median
best used when data has several extreme entities
median
median is denoted by __
Md
is the most frequent score in the data set
mode
It is sometimes considered as the most popular option
mode
only one mode
unimodal
2 modes
bimodal
more than 2 modes
multimodal
all of the numbers in set have the same frequency
no mode
formula for population mean
𝜇=(∑𝑥𝑖 )/𝑁
formula for sample mean
𝑥̅=(∑𝑥𝑖 )/𝑛
formula for median if n is odd
𝑀𝑑=𝑋_((𝑛+1)/2)
formula for median if n is even
𝑀𝑑=(𝑋_(𝑛/2)+𝑋_((𝑛/2)+1))/2
mode is denoted by
Mo