MMT

Question 1

Shoulder Flexion (3, 4, 5)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 1

a) Anterior deltoid
b) anterior surface of lateral clavicle
c) deltoid tuberosity of humerus
d) seated
e) therapist stands on side being tested
f) neutral to full shoulder flexion
g) place hand over superior shoulder girdle, just proximal to glenohumeral joint
h) palpate anterior deltoid just below clavicle on anterior aspect of head of humerus
i) apply resistance perpendicular to distal humerus in a downwards fashion

Question 2

Shoulder Flexion (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 2

a) Anterior deltoid
b) anterior surface of lateral clavicle
c) deltoid tuberosity of humerus
d) side-lying on the side not being tested
e) therapist stands behind the client
f) beginning in mid position, to shoulder flexion
g) place hand over superior shoulder girdle, just proximal to glenohumeral joint
h) palpate anterior deltoid just below clavicle on anterior aspect of head of humerus
i) apply minimal resistance to distal humerus in a downwards fashion

Question 3

Shoulder Extension (5, 4, 3)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 3

a) Teres major
b) posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
c) medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
d) seated
e) therapist stands behind the side being tested
f) neutral to full shoulder extension
g) place hand over superior shoulder girdle, just proximal to glenohumeral joint
h) palpate the trees major along the axillary border of the scapula
i) apply resistance perpendicular to distal humerus in a downwards fashion

Question 4

Shoulder Extension (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 4

a) Teres major
b) posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
c) medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
d) side-lying on the side not being tested
e) therapist stands in front of client
f) beginning in mid position, to shoulder extension
g) place hand over superior shoulder girdle, just proximal to glenohumeral joint
h) palpate the trees major along the axillary border of the scapula
i) apply minimal resistance to distal humerus in a downwards fashion

Question 5

Shoulder Abduction (5, 4, 3)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 5

a) middle deltoid
b) acromion process and spine of scapula
c) deltoid tuberosity of humerus
d) seated
e) therapist stands behind client
f) neutral to full shoulder abduction
g) place hand over superior shoulder girdle, just proximal to glenohumeral joint
h) palpate the middle deltoid over the middle of the shoulder joint from the acromion to the deltoid tuberosity
i) apply resistance in downward fashion to distal humerus toward adduction

Question 6

Shoulder Abduction (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 6

a) middle deltoid
b) acromion process and spine of scapula
c) deltoid tuberosity of humerus
d) lying down, with arm being tested in supine position
e) therapist stands on side to be tested, providing UL support if necessary
f) beginning in mid position, to shoulder abduction
g) place hand over superior shoulder girdle, just proximal to glenohumeral joint
h) palpate the middle deltoid over the middle of the shoulder joint from the acromion to the deltoid tuberosity
i) apply minimal resistance in downward fashion to distal humerus toward adduction

Question 7

Shoulder External Rotation (5, 4, 3)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 7

a) infraspinatus
b) infraspinatus fossa of scapula
c) posterior aspect of greater tuberosity of humerus
d) seated, shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and elbow flexed to 90 degrees
e) therapist stands in front of client, toward the side to be tested
f) neutral to full shoulder external rotation
g) place hand under the distal humerus
h) palpate infraspinatus just below spine of scapula
i) apply resistance to the distal end of the forearm in direction of internal rotation

Question 8

Shoulder External Rotation (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 8

a) infraspinatus
b) infraspinatus fossa of scapula
c) posterior aspect of greater tuberosity of humerus
d) seated, arm in neutral rotation and elbow flexed to 90 degrees
e) therapist stand on side to be tested, just in front of clients arm
f) partial shoulder external rotation
g) stabilise inferior border of scapula and distal forearm
h) palpate infraspinatus just below spine of scapula
i) apply minimal resistance to the distal end of the forearm in direction of internal rotation

Question 9

Shoulder Internal Rotation (5, 4, 3)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 9

a) teres major
b) posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
c) medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
d) lying down, shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, elbow flexed to 90 degrees
e) therapist stands on side to be tested, just in front of clients arm
f) neutral to full internal rotation
g) place hand under the distal humerus
h) palpate the teres major along axillary border of scapula towards inferior angle
i) apply resistance to the distal end of the volar surface of forearm, in the direction of external rotation

Question 10

Shoulder Internal Rotation (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 10

a) teres major
b) posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
c) medial lip of inter tubercular sulcus of humerus
d) seated, shoulder adducted, elbow flexed to 90 degrees
e) therapist stands on side to be tested and supports forearm
f) midpostion to internal rotation
g) anterior humerus
h) palpate the teres major along axillary border of scapula towards inferior angle
i) apply minimal resistance to distal forearm in the direction of external rotation

Question 11

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (5, 4, 3)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 11

a) posterior deltoid
b) spine of scapula
c) deltoid tuberosity of humerus
d) lying down, UL hanging over edge of bed, with elbow extended
e) therapist stands on side being tested
f) full horizontal abduction
g) over scapula
h) palpate the posterior deltoid below the spine of scapula
i) apply resistance over distal humerus in the direction of horizontal adduction

Question 12

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 12

a) posterior deltoid
b) spine of scapula
c) deltoid tuberosity of humerus
d) seated, arm in 90 degrees abduction, palm down, UL supported by therapist
e) therapist stands on opposite side to that being tested
f) mid position to partial horizontal abduction
g) over scapula
h) palpate over posterior glenohumeral joint
i) apply minimal resistance over distal humerus in the direction of horizontal adduction

Question 13

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction (5, 4, 3)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 13

a) pectorals major
b) anterior surface of medial clavicle and anterior surface of sternum
c) greater tubercle of humerus
d) lying down, shoulder abducted to 90 degrees, elbow extended
e) therapist stands next to client on the side being tested or behind the clients head
f) horizontal adduction
g) place one hand over the anterior shoulder on the side opposite to that being tested
h) palpate over the insertion of pectoralis major at the anterior aspect of the axilla
i) apply resistance over the distal humerus in direction of horizontal abduction

Question 14

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 14

a) pectorals major
b) anterior surface of medial clavicle and anterior surface of sternum
c) greater tubercle of humerus
d) seated, arm in 90 degrees abduction, palm down, supported by therapist
e) therapist stands behind client on side being tested
f) horizontal adduction
g) stabilise distal forearm
h) palpate over anterior shoulder girdle
i) apply minimal resistance over distal forearm in direction of horizontal abduction

Question 15

Elbow Flexion (5, 4, 3)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 15

a) brachialis
b) distal anterior humerus
c) coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
d) seated, shoulder and elbow neutral
e) therapist stands on side being tested
f) neutral to full elbow flexion, with forearm supinated
g) under shoulder joint
h) palpate over anterior arm and forearm
i) apply resistance over distal volar forearm in downward fashion towards elbow extension

Question 16

Elbow Flexion (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 16

a) brachialis
b) distal anterior humerus
c) coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
d) seated, shoulder abducted to 90 degrees
e) therapist stands on side being tested and supports arm and forearm as needed
f) mid position to partial elbow extension
g) underneath elbow
h) palpate over anterior arm and forearm
i) apply minimal resistance over distal volar wrist

Question 17

Elbow Extension (5, 4, 3)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 17

a) triceps brachii
b) infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior lateral surface of humerus and posterior medial surface of humerus
c) proximal olecranon process of ulna
d) lying down, shoulder in 90 degrees flexion, elbow full flexed
e) therapist stands next to client, just behind side being tested
f) elbow flexion to elbow extension
g) distal humerus
h) palpate just superior to dorsal elbow
i) apply resistance to distal end of forearm in direction of elbow flexion

Question 18

Elbow Extension (2, 1, 0)

a) Prime Movers
b) Origin
c) Insertion
d) body position of patient
e) body position of therapist
f) action
g) stabilise
h) palpate
i) resistance

Answer 18

a) triceps brachii
b) infraglenoid tubercle of scapula, posterior lateral surface of humerus and posterior medial surface of humerus
c) proximal olecranon process of ulna
d) sitting, shoulder in 90 degrees flexion, elbow flexed
e) therapist supports weight of arm, while standing next to the client’s arm being tested
f) mid position to partial elbow extension
g) distal humerus
h) palpate just superior to dorsal elbow
i) apply minimal resistance ulna side of forearm/wrist