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MLT 120- Hematology > MLT 120 Exam III > Flashcards

MLT 120 Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

How is a promyelocyte differentiated from the myeloblast?

A

promyelocyte has azurophilic (primary) granules

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2
Q

At what stage does differentiation of the granules of the cells of the myelocytic series take place?

A

myelocyte

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3
Q

How is the metamyelocyte differentiated from the myelocyte?

A

shape of nucleus; cytoplasm
meta - kidney bean shaped
myelo - round; bluish tint

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4
Q

How is the band differentiated from the metamyelocyte?

A

shape of nucleus

band - horse shoe shaped, uniform thickness

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5
Q

What cell contains granules that retain the acid portion of Wright’s Stain?
What substances are produced by these granules?

A

eosinophil (acid stain=eosin)
anti-histamine
usually only have two lobes

basophils produce histamine

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6
Q

What cell contains granules that are not uniform in shape, stain with the basic portion of Wright’s stain, and which may cover the nucleus?

A

basophils (basic stain=methylene blue)

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7
Q

What are mast cells?

A

tissue basophils

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8
Q

Where do B cells originate?

A

bone marrow

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9
Q

Where to T cells originate?

A

thymus

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10
Q

How do you distinguish B cells from T cells?

A

surface markers ( surface immunoglobulins; on Tcells)

hairy b cellsexception

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11
Q

During blastic transformation B cells become

A

plasma cells

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12
Q

What cell has an eccentric nucleus with clumped chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm and a clear perinuclear halo (hof)?

A

plasma cells

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13
Q

Where are plasma cells normally found?

A

bone marrow

exception in multiple myeloma pt.

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14
Q

What cellular organelle is associated with the hof?

A

golgi apparatus

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15
Q

Monocytes circulate in the peripheral blood but are known as _______ in the tissues?

A

macrophages or histocytes

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16
Q

Where do monocytes originate?

A

bone marrow

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17
Q 
How would you describe a monocyte according to the following: 
appearance of chromatin
shape of nucleus
color of cytoplasm
presence of pseudopodia or vacuoles
A

chromatin not coarse or clumpy
nucleus is globulinated, coarse
pseudopodia
vacuoles

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18
Q

What is the function on the monocyte?

A

phagocytosis

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19
Q

Name several charateristics that can be observed in the meutrophils during inflammation, infection, or other toxic states, and describe their appearance.

A

Dohle bodies: RNA toxic granules
blue/black granules in cytoplasm
toxic vacuoles: holes in cytoplasm

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20
Q

What are Russell bodies?

A

aggregates of immunoglobulin that stains red

found in lymphocytes

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21
Q

abnormal azurophilic granulation of white cells

A

Alder-Reilly

22
Q

abnormal platelets, Dohle like inclusions, blue staining

A

May-Hegglin

23
Q

dumbbell shaped, hyposeg (decreased segmentation) of neutrophils

A

Pelger-Huet

24
Q

What is the normal WBC count?

A

5-10 thousand

25
Q

If blood is drawn to the 0.5 mark and diluent to the 11 in a white blood cell pipette, what is the resulting dilution?

A

standard WBC count - 1:20 dilution

26
Q

Given the number of cells counted on both sides of the hemocytometer, how could you determine the WBC count on the performance of a standard WBC count?

A

average both sides, times by 50

27
Q

What effect does hemolysis have on a WBC count?

A

none; rbc should hemolysis

28
Q

Name several sources of error in the performance of a manual WBC count.

A

too much blood
diluent overfill
underfill hemocytometer
contamination

29
Q

How does the normal WBC count vary during the day?

What explanation is given for this variation?

A

higher in the evening, lower during the day

margination

30
Q

What is the normal eosinophil count?

What causes and increase or decrease?

A

77-440
increase - hypoadrenalism, allergic reaction, parasitic infection, skin disease
decrease - hyperadrenalism, anemia,

thorn test, ACTH to decrease eos count

31
Q

To compensate for the normally low number of eosinophils, what adjustment in the procedure is made when doing a manual eo count?

A

increase # of fields which increases volume counted

32
Q

Name two other hemocytometers that can be used for the eos and basophil counts.

A

Speirs-Levy
Fuchs-Rosenthal
increased volume

33
Q

Name several factors that can result in an excessively pink Wright’s stained smear.

A

too acidic
over washed
under stained

34
Q

Excessively blue Wright’s stained smear

A

too basic
under washed
over stained

35
Q

What three things are always performed when doing a differential count?

A

RBC morphology count
platelet count estimation
count and classify 100 white blood cells

36
Q

What is the most common type of WBC in a normal smear?
least common?
most common in a child?

A

segmented neutrophils
basophils
lymphocytes

37
Q

What is a ‘shift to the left’ and what conditions is it likely to occur?

A

increase in bands, young cells; occurs in bacterial infection, inflammation, pregnancy

38
Q

What is the largest WBC in normal peripheral blood smear?

A

monocyte

39
Q

Which cells are classified as nRBCs on a PBS?

A 
which still have nucleus:
blast cells
prorubricytes
rubricytes
metarubricytes
40
Q

If a large number of nRBCs are observed on a PBS, what effect will this have on the WBC count?
How can you correct for this?

A

they are counted as WBCs, this will increase the WBC count (may falsely increase WBC count)
(WBC x 100)/(100+nRBCs)

41
Q

Where are platelets produced?

A

bone marrow

42
Q

What is the largest blood cell normally produced by the body?

A

megakaryocyte

43
Q

What is the endomitotic division?

A

nucleus divides, cytoplasm just enlarges=multinucleated cellsbonus

44
Q

What is the normal platelet count?

A

150,000-400,000/mm3

45
Q

What method employs the phase contrast microscope in counting platelets?

A

Brecker Cronkite

46
Q

How is a manual platelet count calculated using the Unopette method?

A

entire square=0.1mm3

1: 100 dilution
0. 1/100=1,000
so: # of cells x 1000

47
Q

What criteria are used to estimate platelets in a PBS?

A

look at ten fields, 7-22 average which is adequate
30 - increase
5 - decrease

48
Q

pale blue remnants of RNA

A

Dohle bodies

49
Q

blue/black cytoplasm granules

A

toxic granulation

50
Q

What do doctors use differentials for?

A

to diagnose disease
overall health picture
monitor therapy

51
Q

reddish-blue in blast inclusion

A

aver rod

found in blasts

MLT 120- Hematology (5 decks)

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