MLT 120 Exam III

Question 1

How is a promyelocyte differentiated from the myeloblast?

Answer 1

promyelocyte has azurophilic (primary) granules

Question 2

At what stage does differentiation of the granules of the cells of the myelocytic series take place?

Answer 2

myelocyte

Question 3

How is the metamyelocyte differentiated from the myelocyte?

Answer 3

shape of nucleus; cytoplasm
meta - kidney bean shaped
myelo - round; bluish tint

Question 4

How is the band differentiated from the metamyelocyte?

Answer 4

shape of nucleus

band - horse shoe shaped, uniform thickness

Question 5

What cell contains granules that retain the acid portion of Wright’s Stain?
What substances are produced by these granules?

Answer 5

eosinophil (acid stain=eosin)
anti-histamine
usually only have two lobes

basophils produce histamine

Question 6

What cell contains granules that are not uniform in shape, stain with the basic portion of Wright’s stain, and which may cover the nucleus?

Answer 6

basophils (basic stain=methylene blue)

Question 7

What are mast cells?

Answer 7

tissue basophils

Question 8

Where do B cells originate?

Answer 8

bone marrow

Question 9

Where to T cells originate?

Answer 9

thymus

Question 10

How do you distinguish B cells from T cells?

Answer 10

surface markers ( surface immunoglobulins; on Tcells)

hairy b cellsexception

Question 11

During blastic transformation B cells become

Answer 11

plasma cells

Question 12

What cell has an eccentric nucleus with clumped chromatin, basophilic cytoplasm and a clear perinuclear halo (hof)?

Answer 12

plasma cells

Question 13

Where are plasma cells normally found?

Answer 13

bone marrow

exception in multiple myeloma pt.

Question 14

What cellular organelle is associated with the hof?

Answer 14

golgi apparatus

Question 15

Monocytes circulate in the peripheral blood but are known as _______ in the tissues?

Answer 15

macrophages or histocytes

Question 16

Where do monocytes originate?

Answer 16

bone marrow

Question 17

How would you describe a monocyte according to the following: 
appearance of chromatin
shape of nucleus
color of cytoplasm
presence of pseudopodia or vacuoles

Answer 17

chromatin not coarse or clumpy
nucleus is globulinated, coarse
pseudopodia
vacuoles

Question 18

What is the function on the monocyte?

Answer 18

phagocytosis

Question 19

Name several charateristics that can be observed in the meutrophils during inflammation, infection, or other toxic states, and describe their appearance.

Answer 19

Dohle bodies: RNA toxic granules
blue/black granules in cytoplasm
toxic vacuoles: holes in cytoplasm

Question 20

What are Russell bodies?

Answer 20

aggregates of immunoglobulin that stains red

found in lymphocytes

Question 21

abnormal azurophilic granulation of white cells

Answer 21

Alder-Reilly

Question 22

abnormal platelets, Dohle like inclusions, blue staining

Answer 22

May-Hegglin

Question 23

dumbbell shaped, hyposeg (decreased segmentation) of neutrophils

Answer 23

Pelger-Huet

Question 24

What is the normal WBC count?

Answer 24

5-10 thousand

Question 25

If blood is drawn to the 0.5 mark and diluent to the 11 in a white blood cell pipette, what is the resulting dilution?

Answer 25

standard WBC count - 1:20 dilution

Question 26

Given the number of cells counted on both sides of the hemocytometer, how could you determine the WBC count on the performance of a standard WBC count?

Answer 26

average both sides, times by 50

Question 27

What effect does hemolysis have on a WBC count?

Answer 27

none; rbc should hemolysis

Question 28

Name several sources of error in the performance of a manual WBC count.

Answer 28

too much blood diluent overfill underfill hemocytometer contamination

Question 29

How does the normal WBC count vary during the day? | What explanation is given for this variation?

Answer 29

higher in the evening, lower during the day | margination

Question 30

What is the normal eosinophil count? | What causes and increase or decrease?

Answer 30

77-440 increase - hypoadrenalism, allergic reaction, parasitic infection, skin disease decrease - hyperadrenalism, anemia, *thorn test, ACTH to decrease eos count*

Question 31

To compensate for the normally low number of eosinophils, what adjustment in the procedure is made when doing a manual eo count?

Answer 31

increase # of fields which increases volume counted

Question 32

Name two other hemocytometers that can be used for the eos and basophil counts.

Answer 32

Speirs-Levy Fuchs-Rosenthal *increased volume*

Question 33

Name several factors that can result in an excessively pink Wright's stained smear.

Answer 33

too acidic over washed under stained

Question 34

Excessively blue Wright's stained smear

Answer 34

too basic under washed over stained

Question 35

What three things are always performed when doing a differential count?

Answer 35

RBC morphology count platelet count estimation count and classify 100 white blood cells

Question 36

What is the most common type of WBC in a normal smear? least common? most common in a child?

Answer 36

segmented neutrophils basophils lymphocytes

Question 37

What is a 'shift to the left' and what conditions is it likely to occur?

Answer 37

increase in bands, young cells; occurs in bacterial infection, inflammation, pregnancy

Question 38

What is the largest WBC in normal peripheral blood smear?

Answer 38

monocyte

Question 39

Which cells are classified as nRBCs on a PBS?

Answer 39

``` which still have nucleus: blast cells prorubricytes rubricytes metarubricytes ```

Question 40

If a large number of nRBCs are observed on a PBS, what effect will this have on the WBC count? How can you correct for this?

Answer 40

they are counted as WBCs, this will increase the WBC count (may falsely increase WBC count) (WBC x 100)/(100+nRBCs)

Question 41

Where are platelets produced?

Answer 41

bone marrow

Question 42

What is the largest blood cell normally produced by the body?

Answer 42

megakaryocyte

Question 43

What is the endomitotic division?

Answer 43

nucleus divides, cytoplasm just enlarges=multinucleated cells**bonus**

Question 44

What is the normal platelet count?

Answer 44

150,000-400,000/mm3

Question 45

What method employs the phase contrast microscope in counting platelets?

Answer 45

Brecker Cronkite

Question 46

How is a manual platelet count calculated using the Unopette method?

Answer 46

entire square=0.1mm3 | 1: 100 dilution 0. 1/100=1,000 so: # of cells x 1000

Question 47

What criteria are used to estimate platelets in a PBS?

Answer 47

look at ten fields, 7-22 average which is adequate 30 - increase 5 - decrease

Question 48

pale blue remnants of RNA

Answer 48

Dohle bodies

Question 49

blue/black cytoplasm granules

Answer 49

toxic granulation

Question 50

What do doctors use differentials for?

Answer 50

to diagnose disease overall health picture monitor therapy

Question 51

reddish-blue in blast inclusion

Answer 51

aver rod | found in blasts