Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MLT 120- Hematology > MLT 120 Exam I > Flashcards

MLT 120 Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

What controls the entrance and exit of substances into and out of blood cells?

A

Cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the main site of hematopoiesis?

In an adult?

A

Liver

Bone Marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the major site of extramedullary hematopoiesis?

A

Spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What three major criteria are used to identify blood cells?

A

Cell size, shape, ctyoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is bone marrow cellularity determined?

A

The number of nucleated cells is compared to the total amount of cells and fat present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the normal M:E ration?

A

2:1-4:1 average is 3:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does a doctor use a bone marrow exam?

A

It aids in making definitive diagnosis
Management of pt and evaluation of treatment
Assessment of iron stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the dualistic theory of blood cell origin?

A

Granulocytes originate from nongranular marrow precursors, and lymphocytes originate from lymphoid tissue; dual origin of white blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the stages of RBC development from youngest to oldest and how does appearance change as it moves from stage to stage?

A 
Rubriblast - youngest
prorubricyte
Rubricyte - start to see hgb
Metarubricyte - loss of nucleus
Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the average life of a RBC?

A

100-120 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is erythropoietin, where is it produced, and how is its secretion stimulated?

A

Mucoprotein, formed by the kidneys, that is capable of maintaining a normal RBC mass by stimulation of the bone marrow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define apoferritin

A

an absorption protein that attaches to Fe2+ for absorption to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define ferritin

A

Submicroscopic iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define hemosiderin

A

“conglomeration” of ferritin which can be seen microscopically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define transferrin

A

Transfer protein of oxidized iron; Fe3+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When nucleus maturation lags behind the cytoplasm maturation

A

Asynchrony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nuclear fragmentation

A

Karyorrhexis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the RBC count vary for physiological reasons and what are some conditions that cause it to vary?

A

normal body response to decrease oxygen or decrease plasma; dehydration, high altitudes, pulmonary or cardiac issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the characteristics of a good RBC diluent?

A

Isotonic to RBC; contain a fixative

20
Q

How do you calculate a RBC count when it is performed on a hemocytometer?

A

Count four corners and center square on both sides; add count from both sides and multiple by 10,000

21
Q

What is the structure of normal hemoglobin A?

A

two alpha and two beta polypeptide chains, and four iron containing heme groups

22
Q

What pathway provides most of the energy for a mature RBC?

A

Emeden-Meyerhof Glycolytic Pathway

23
Q

What pathway functions to protect hemoglobin from oxidation?

A

Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) Shunt

24
Q

In order to function as an oxygen carrier, the iron in hemoglobin must be in what oxidation state?

A

Ferrous; Fe2+

25
Q

What is the Sahli method of hemoglobin determination and to what molecule is hemoglobin converted in this method?

A

Acid hematin; Hgb F

26
Q

What is the most commonly used method for hemoglobin determination in the modern hematology lab?

A

Cyanmethemoglobin

27
Q

What hemoglobin pigment can NOT be converted to oxyhemoglobin?

A

Sulfhemoglobin

28
Q

Which manual hematology procedure is the most reliable and reproducible?

A

Hematocrit

29
Q

What test measures the percentage of the RBC volume of whole blood and how is it performed?

A

Hematocrit determination
blood is collected in heparinized(red) capillary tubes, seal one end, spun in microhematocrit centrifuge to obtain optimal packing of cells

30
Q

Name two methods for performing the Hct determination and indicate why one method is preferred over the other.

A 
Macromethod of Wintrobe and Micromethod(preferred);
simple procedure
small sample
simple equipment
reproducible
highly accurate
can observe macroscopically
can evaluate color of plasm and amount of buffy coat
31
Q

What factors can cause an increased ESR? Decreased?

A

Increase; abnormal amounts of protein, i.e. fibrinogen, globulin
Decrease; abnormal shape of RBC(sickle cell), polycythemia, spherocytosis

32
Q

What is the “rule of three”?

A

3xRBC= Hbg; 3xHbg=Hct

33
Q

What test is the most reliable assessment of the effective erythroid activity of the bone marrow?

A

Reticulocyte count

34
Q

What is the normal reticulocyte count?

A
  1. 5-2% but 1% is average norm

2. 5%-6% in newborns

35
Q

What stains are used for retic procedure?

A

New Methylene blue

Brilliant Cresyl Blue

36
Q

How are retics observed on a Wright’s stained smear?

A

polychromatophilc/polychromasia

37
Q

What reagent is used for the sickle cell solubility test?

The slide test?

A

Solubility test- Sodium dithionite; reads turbidity, if lines can be seen through the tubes(=) or if they can’t(+)
Slide test- Sodium metabisulfite; read under the scope

38
Q

What is the reagent used in the osmotic fragility test?q

A

Saline; dilutions of NaCl

39
Q

How is the osmotic fragility test read?

A

read color of supernatant of spectrophotometer

40
Q

What conditions cause an increased osmotic fragility?

Decreased?

A

Increased; hemolytic anemias, spherocytosis

Decreased; sickle cell, iron deficiency, thalassema, or where target cells can be found

41
Q

Anisocytes
Macrocytes
Microcytes

A

Variation in size

42
Q

Spherocytes
Ovalcytes
Elliptocytes
Poikilocytes

A

Variation in Shape

43
Q

Normochromic
Hypchromic
Polychromasia

A

Variation in color

44
Q

Heinz bodies
Howeel-Jolly bodies
Cabot rings
Pappenheimer bodies

A

Variation in Structure

45
Q

According to their composition, what RBC inclusion should be counted in a reticulocyte count?

A

Basophilic Stippling

46
Q 
What is the chemical composition of:
basophilic stippling
Heinz bodies
Howell-Jolly bodies
Pappenheimer bodies
A

RNA
denatured Hgb
DNA
Iron

MLT 120- Hematology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions