LAB MLT 120 Final Flashcards
1
Q
increased O-F
A
Hereditary Spherocytosis
2
Q
decreased OF; room to expand
found in hemoglobinopathies
Thalessemia, Sickle cell anemia
A
target cells
3
Q
SS
AS
A
sickle cell genotype
sickle cell trait
4
Q
HJB is made of?
A
DNA
5
Q
Basophilic stippling
A
RNA
6
Q
Pappenhaimer bodies
A
Iron
hemolytic anemia
7
Q
Burr cells
A
associated with Chronic renal disease
8
Q
Hypersegs; 5 or more lobes
A
associated with PA
9
Q
dark blue, scalloped edges
associated with IM
A
Atl
10
Q
pale blue found in neutrophils
found in PBS if pregnant, in toxic state or have bacterial infection
toxic granulations
A
Dohle bodies
11
Q
increased in CML, leukemoid reactions;
shift to left in immature cells
A
metamyelocytes
12
Q
plasma cell-hof (halo)
A
multiple myeloma
13
Q
auer rods in blast
A
not in lymphs, so no ALL
14
Q
smudge cells
A
CLL
15
Q
azurophilic granules
larger nucleus
decrease in CML
APL
A
promyelocyte
16
Q
Hodkins
allergies
CML
parasitic infections
A
Eos
17
Q
Used to diagnose
A
PBS
BM
pt history
18
Q
increase MCV - 150
tingling-neuro
hyperseg
decreased WBC, RBC, plt
A
Pernicious Anemia
19
Q
small pale cells
evidence of bleeding
MCV, MCHC - decrease
no blue/green on BM
A
IDA
20
Q
non-specific esterase Positive
inhibited by flouride
BM: monoblasts
A
AMoL
21
Q
all stages of granuloctyes
diff cells in diff stages
LAP - decreased
pt history
A
CML
22
Q
Lymph
smudge cells
A
CLL
23
Q
ATL’s
PBS differs from BM
A
IM
24
Q
12-17
lowest female
highest male
A
Hgb
25
45 mid
Hct
26
27-32
MCH
27
32-36
MCHC
28
80-97
| 81-99
MCV
29
0-440
| 100-350
Eos
30
150,000-450,000
Plt
31
.5-2%
retics
32
5 mil
RBC
33
5,000-10,000
WBC
34
diluent for eos
Philoxine
35
diluent for Plt
ammonium oxalate
36
diluent for retics
supervital
| New Methylene blue
37
sodium chloride
RBC diluent
38
Acetic acid
WBC diluent
39
1:32
eos
40
1:100
plt
41
1:2
retic
42
1:200
RBC
43
1:20
WBC
44
Principle of the sedimentation rate (ESR), the two methods for measuring the ESR, and the normal values for males and females
measures suspension stability of the red cells
Westergren, Winthrobe Methods
male 0-15 mm/hr
female 0-20 mm/hr
45
Given the values for the RBC, Hgb, and Hct, calculate the RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)
```
MCV is (Hct/RBC) x 10
MCH is (Hgb/RBC) x 10
MCHC is (Hgb/Hct) x 100 in W/V
```
46
State the principle of the osmotic fragility test and be able to name a condition in which the osmotic fragility is increased and one in which it is decreased.
red cells are exposed to decreasing concentrations of sodium chloride to observe the point at which the red cells hemolyze. Plot % hemolysis against concentration of NaCl and observe the curve;
increase - hereditary spheroctytosis
decrease - target cells - sickle cell
47
Explain the principle of the tube solubility method for SCA screening.
Hgb S is insoluble and if exposed to reducing agent will precipitate out, causing turbidity; will not be able to see lines through tube
48
How does a doctor use the reticulocyte count?
measures effective erythroid poiesis
if BM is responding
diagnose anemia
49
State three reasons for performing a WBC differential
count and classify 100 WBC
diagnose disease
evaluate therapy
50
Be able to show how you would calculate a total cell count (not a standard count) if you are given the dilution, the volume counted, and the number of cells counted
cells counted x dilution reciprocal x (1/vol counted)
*1 sm square is 0.004 mm3
1 lg square is 0.1 mm3
51
How could you vary the counting procedure if you had to count (manually) an extremely high WBC count?
use RBC pipette 1:100 or 1:200
**WBC should not go higher than 1:33
52
Name the most commonly used anticoagulant for blood specimens to be used for coagulation testing and be able to tell how it works
sodium citrate
| binds calcium
53
Why do you need to perform coagulation testing within two hours after specimen collection?
results will increase due to loss of labile factors
| should spin and refrigerate is cant test within 2 hours
54
thromboplastin/calcium-chloride
10-14 sec
extrinsic
monitor coumadin therapy
PT - Prothrombin time
55
calcium flouride, plt substitute
less than 35 sec
intrinsic
monitor heparin therapy
PTT - partial thrombin time
56
Compare the principle of the Fibrometer with that of the CoaDATA 2000
Fibrometer; formation of clot completes electrical circuit which turns off the timer
CoaDATA; turbidodensiturmetric method, clarity of specimen does not effect results
57
Name two functions of the automatic pipette and two functions of the probe arm of the Fibrometer
pipette; dispenses reagent, turns off timer
| probe arm; hold electrodes in place, mixes reagent, senses clot
58
Duke and Ivy method for bleeding time (site of puncture and normal values).
Duke - earlobe; 1-3 min
| Ivy - forearm; 1-7 min
59
Be able to list two tests that you think should be included in a screen for coagulation disorders and indicate why you chose each test (i.e. checks intrinsic factors, checks plts, etc.)
PT - measures extrinsic
PTT - measures intrinsic
bleeding time - check plts
60
If normal plasma fails to correct an abnormal PT and PTT, what is the best explanation for the results
circulating anticoagulants (AB to clotting factor), not just factor deficiency
*normal plasma corrects deficiency
61
What is the only factor that will give an increased TT? ________________________________
(It will also be corrected by normal plasma, but not by either adsorbed plasma or aged as there are usually insufficient amounts of it in adsorbed plasma to correct a deficiency and it is not found in aged serum at all.)
Factor I
62
bleeding time
plt function
63
PTT
Stage I of coag
64
PT
Stage II of coag
65
Fibrinolysis
D-dimer
66
Absorbed plasma
Factors 5, 8, 11, 12
| remove vitamin K dependent factors
67
Aged serum
Factors 2, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12
68
labile factors
5, 8
69
Vitamin K dependent factors
2, 7, 9, 10
70
Use of the PT and PTT substitution tests
| Why not preform a series of specific factor assays?
narrow down possible deficiency factors
| consuming and expensive
71
What are some possible sources of error in coagulation testing?
not right amount of anti-coagulant
expired reagents
specimen at RT too long
72
Why should a doctor order presugical coagulation screening tests?
"normal" may be drop below and cause pt to bleed
*normal 50-150%*
73
Why is it important for a hospital to establish its own normal range for the PT and PTT and how would a doctor utilize this information?
different instruments, reagents, environments and other variables at different hospitals;
74
If a patient has an increase PTT and an increase PT, what is the diagnosis and how could you prove it?
Von Wilderbran disease, plt abnormality
| Factor 8 assay
75
What is the antidote for coumadin?
| For heparin?
Vitamin K
| Protamine sulfate
76
What is the INR and how is it used in the laboratory?
International Normalized Ratio
| to compare different pt's results dome from different labs
77
What tests did we do in lab that are used primarily in the diagnosis of fibrinolysis?
D-dimer
| Thrombo Wellco
78
surevital stain for retics
Wright's stain
79
hyposegmentation of neutrophil
bilobed
dumb bell shaped
Pelger-Huet
80
not in ALL
| pinkish-red rod shape inclusion
auer-rods
81
lighter staining nucleoli
blasts
82
damaged WBC
AB alters nucleus
engulfed phagocytosis - off center nucleus due to homogenous blob
LE cell
