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MLSCI242 LAB > MLSCI340 Mycology > Flashcards

MLSCI340 Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Fungal organism associated with meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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2
Q

Stain used in mycology that requires a fluorescent microscope

A

Calcofluor

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3
Q

Group of organisms commonly isolated from hair, skin, and nail specimens

A

Dermatophytes

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4
Q

Fungi showing two different morphologies

A

Dimorphic

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5
Q

Stain that binds to carbohydrates in the fungal cell wall staining them magenta

A

PAS; periodic acid schiff

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6
Q

Term for ringworm infecting the body

A

Tinea corporis

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7
Q

Viewed through reverse side of the colony to help identification

A

Topography

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8
Q

Previously classified as a protozoan and was associated with PCP

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

PCP - pneumocystis pneumoniae in immunocompromised patients

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9
Q

Which specimen is required for diagnosis of disseminated fungal infections ?

A

Blood culture

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10
Q

General purpose isolation media

A

Sabouraud dextrose

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11
Q

Silver stain used to demonstrate fungi

A

Grocott Methenamine Silver

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12
Q

Stain used to demonstrate large capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF

A

India Ink

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13
Q

Selective differential media for yeast

A

Candida Chromagar

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14
Q

Dimorphic organism associated with guano

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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15
Q

What is used for direct examination with hair, skin, and nail specimens ?

A

10% KOH

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16
Q

Commonly added antimicrobial that can inhibit some fungal pathogens

A

Cycloheximide

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17
Q

Level III pathogen found in the desert

A

Coccidioides immitis

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18
Q

Most common fungal organism isolated from urine specimens

A

Yeast

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19
Q

Submission container for hair, skin, and nails

A

Envelope

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20
Q

SDA: use and ingredients

A

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar:
- ENRICHED
- recovery of fungi
- sabouraud dextrose + BHI agar

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21
Q

SDA w/ antimicrobials: use and ingredients

A

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar:
- SELECTIVE and ENRICHED
- inhibits certain fungi
- sabouraud dextrose + BHI agar + antimicrobials

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22
Q

BHI: use and ingredients

A

Brain Heart Infusion:
- ENRICHED
- recovery of saprobes (bacteria or fungi)
- BHI, enzymatic digest, casein, dextrose, NaCl

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23
Q

BHI w/ antimicrobials: use and ingredients

A

Brain Heart Infusion:
- SELECTIVE and ENRICHED
- recovery of fungi
- BHI, enzymatic digest, casein, dextrose, NaCl, antibiotics

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24
Q

Mycosel: use and ingredients

A
  • SELECTIVE
  • recovery of dermatophytes
  • inhibits bacteria/ other fungi
  • CYCLOHEXIMIDE, chloramphenicol, dextrose
25
Q

PHY/ PYA: use and ingredients

A

PHYTONE YEAST EXTRACT AGAR:
- SELECTIVE
- recovery of yeast from contaminated specimens
- yeast extract, K2PO4, chloramphenicol

26
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Candida sp

A

human flora
contact
respiratory, skin, GI

27
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Cryptococcus neoformans

A

birds, feces, soil
inhalation
lungs, skin, meningitis

28
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Malassezia furfur

A

human flora
contact
skin

29
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Dermatophytes

A

humans, animals, soil
contact
skin, hair, nails

30
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Aspergillus sp.

A

ubiquitous, plants
inhalation
lungs, eyes, skin, nails

31
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Penicillium sp.

A

ubiquitous
inhalation
skin, respiratory, sinusitis

32
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

humans
inhalation
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunocompromised patients

33
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

soil
inhalation
lungs, skin, long bones

34
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Coccidioides immitis

A

soil from arid regions
inhalation
respiratory, meningitis

35
Q

Source, Mode of Transmission, Infection: Histoplasma capsulatum

A

bat/bird feces
inhalation
guano: respiratory, bone marrow, blood,

36
Q

Fungi vs bacteria: incubation period

A

Fungi: 4 wks
Bacteria: 3 days

37
Q

Fungi vs bacteria: temperature

A

Fungi: 22°C, 30°C, 37°C
Bacteria: 37°C

38
Q

Fungi vs bacteria: atmosphere

A

Fungi: O2 only
Bacteria: O2, CO2, *

39
Q

Fungi vs bacteria: agar depth

A

Fungi: thicker (>6mm)
Bacteria: 2-4mm

40
Q

Fungi vs bacteria: method of inoculation

A

Fungi: single touch away from edge of plate
Bacteria: 4-quadrant streak

41
Q

How does GMS stain fungi ?

A

Grocott Methenamine Silver:
- black and silver outline
- cyan background

42
Q

why is 10% KOH added to hair, skin and nail specimens ?

A

breaks down keratin and skin layers to visualize fungi better

43
Q

what can be added to KOH stain specimens to help with ID ?

A

calcofluor white

44
Q

when is lactophenol cotton blue used ?

A
  • with tape/ tease mounts
  • with KOH = fungi stains blue
45
Q

how does calcofluor work ?

A

binds to cellulose of fungi cell wall = fluoresce mint green

46
Q

what is india ink/ nigrosin stain used for ?

A

examine CSF for Cryptococcus neoformans

47
Q

what type of stain is india ink/ nigrosin ?

A

negative stain= capsule is visualized as a clearing

48
Q

Organisms associated with yeast infections

A
  • Candida sp
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Malassezia furfur
49
Q

Organisms associated with superficial mycoses

A
  • Trichophyton sp*
  • Microsporum sp*
  • Epidermophyton sp*
  • Malassezia furfur
  • Candida sp

*needs keratin

50
Q

Organisms associated with opportunistic mycoses

A
  • Aspergillus sp
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Penicillium sp
  • Candida sp
  • Pneumocystis jirovecii
51
Q

Organisms associated with systemic mycoses

A
  • Coccidioides immitis
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Blastomyces dermatitidis
52
Q

Systemic mycoses are considered level __ organisms

A

Systemic mycoses are considered level THREE organisms

53
Q

How is topography observed in fungi ?

A

since aerial hyphae interferes with topography, observe reverse side of plate

54
Q

Define topography

A

designs of hills and valleys seen on fungal cultures

55
Q

what is rugose topography ?

A
  • irregular furrows radiating from center of culture

NOTE: looks like a steam bun !

56
Q

what is umbonate topography ?

A

button-like elevation in the center of plate with possible rugose

57
Q

what is verrucose topography ?

A

wrinkled, convoluted surface

NOTE: think varicose veins !

58
Q
A

MLSCI242 LAB (21 decks)

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