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MLSBIO101 TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION Flashcards

1
Q

What is the synthesis of single stranded RNA from a double stranded DNA template?

A

Transcription

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2
Q

What is produced in transcription?

A

mRNA

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3
Q

What is the first stage of protein biosynthesis from RNA?

A

Translation

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4
Q

In translation, what is formed by using mRNA template?

A

Polypeptide

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5
Q

In translation, where does the formation of polypeptide occur?

A

Ribosomes

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6
Q

What are the two processes that is part of gene expression?

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Translation
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7
Q

What part of the eukaryotic cell separates transcription from translation?

A

Nuclear Envelope

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8
Q

What kind of processing occurs in the nucleus?

A

Extensive RNA Processing

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9
Q

What is the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template which occurs in the 5’ –> 3’ direction?

A

Transcription

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10
Q

What direction does transcription occur?

A

5’ –> 3’

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11
Q

In transcription, what enzyme reads the DNA sequence to produce a complementary and antiparallel RNA strand?

A

RNA Polymerase

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12
Q

In transcription, what are the two strands does the RNA polymerase produce by reading the DNA sequence?

A
  1. Complementary Strand
  2. Antiparallel RNA strand
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13
Q

What is the first step leading to gene expression?

A

Transcription

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14
Q

What do you call the stretch of DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule?

A

Transcription Unit

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15
Q

A transcription unit is encoded to?

A

At least one gene

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16
Q

What is the result of transcription?

A

mRNA

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17
Q

What is used to create proteins via the process of translation?

A

mRNA

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18
Q

What are the three stages of Transcription?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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19
Q

In Initiation, what enzyme binds to specific DNA region and initiate transcription called as promoter site?

A

RNA Polymerase

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20
Q

In Initiation, what do you call the site where the RNA polymerase is bonded to a specific DNA region and initiates transcription?

A

Promoter Site

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21
Q

In Initiation, what is the enzyme responsible for transcription?

A

RNA Polymerase

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22
Q

What are the 5 units of the RNA polymerase?

A
  1. 2 a subunits
  2. B subunit
  3. B’ subunit
  4. w subunit
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23
Q

In Initiation, what do you call the position of the first synthesized base of the RNA?

A

Start Site

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24
Q

In Elongation, what moves along the DNA template and sequentially synthesizes the RNA chain?

A

RNA polymerase

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25
DNA unwinds ahead of the moving polymerase and the helix is reformed behind it. How many bases are unwinded at a time?
10-20 DNA bases
26
In Elongation, on what direction does the RNA polymerase add nucleotides?
5' --> 3'
27
In termination, what do you call the part where transcription stops when RNA polymerase reaches a section of the DNA?
Terminator
28
What is the terminator sequence?
AAUAAA
29
When the RNA strand is release, what dissociates from the DNA?
RNA Polymerase
30
What do you call the original transcript from the DNA?
Pre-mRNA
31
What type of RNA contains transcript of both introns and exons?
Pre-mRNA
32
What is the non-coding sections of nucleic acid found between coding regions?
Introns
33
What is the coding regions of nucleic acids?
Exons
34
T/F. Pre-mRNA never leaves the cell's nucleus.
True
35
What happens to the introns to form mRNA?
Excised
36
What happens to exons to form mRNA?
Joined
37
What is the process called where introns are removed to produce mRNA?
Splicing
38
What do you call the process in which the formation of polypeptide by decoding mRNA produced in transcription?
Translation
39
Where does translation occur?
Ribosomes
40
T/F. Are ribosomes present in the cytoplasm?
True
41
T/F. Does translation begins after mRNA enters the cytoplasm?
True
42
What is type of RNA is the interpreter of mRNA?
tRNA
43
What are the four phases of translation?
1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Translocation 4. Termination
44
What does the initiation stage of translation brings together?
mRNA
45
In initiation, what are the two things that bears the first amino acid of the polypeptide?
tRNA and two subunits of ribosomes
46
What are the five components involved in the initiation of translation?
1. Large and Small subunits of ribosome 2. mRNA 3. Initiator tRNA (Charged form) 4. Three Factors (IF1, IF2, IF3) 5. GTP
47
What do you call the tRNA that has an amino acid linked?
Charged tRNA
48
What factor/s are bound to free 30S subunit?
IF1 and IF2
49
What factor/s are complexed with GTP then bind to the small subunit?
IF3
50
What factor/s assist the charged initiator tRNA to bind?
IF3
51
How many binding sites of tRNA does the assembled ribosome have?
2 tRNA binding sites
52
What do you call the two tRNA binding sites assembled in the ribosome?
1. A-site (Acceptor) for Aminoacyl 2. P-site (Donor) for polypeptide
53
What site is where the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA molecules bind?
A-site
54
What do you call the site of the growing polypeptide chain?
P-site
55
What is the major outcome of initiation?
Placement of initiator tRNA in the P-site
56
What is the start codon?
AUG
57
What is the start anticodon?
UAC
58
On what end does the small ribosomal subunit attaches to?
5' end of mRNA
59
In Elongation, what do you call where the amino acid are added one by one to the first amino acid?
Amino acid delivery
60
What do you call the recognition where mRNA codon in the A site forms hydrogen bond with the tRNA anticodon?
Codon Recognition
61
In Codon Recognition, what bond is formed by the mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon?
Hydrogen Bonds
62
In peptide bond formation, what catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids?
Ribosome
63
What are the three elongation factors?
1. EF-T4 2. EF-T5 3. EF-G
64
Where does the three elongation factors bind to?
GTP or GDP
65
What do you call the process of the tRNA with the polypeptide chain in the A site is translocated to the P site?
Translocation
66
Where does the tRNA at the P site moves to before leaving the ribosome?
E site
67
On what direction does the ribosome moves down the mRNA?
5' --> 3'
68
What do you call the process where protein factors interact with the stop codons and cause release of the completed polypeptide chain?
Termination
69
What is the name of the protein factor involved in termination?
Release Factors
70
What are the three stop codons?
1. UAA 2. UAG 3. UGA
71
What are the two codons recognized by RF1?
1. UAA 2. UAG
72
What are the two codons recognized by RF2?
1. UAA 2. UGA
73
What factor helps either RF1 and RF2 to carry out the reaction?
RF3
74
How many initiation factors do eukaryotes have?
9 IF
75
T/F. Eukaryotic initiator tRNA does not become formylated as in prokaryotes.
True
76
What are the three factors involved in elongation in eukaryotes?
1. eEF1a 2. eEF1b 3. eEFz
77
How many release factors in termination do eukaryotes have?
One
78
What is the name of the release factor in eukaryotes?
eRF
79
T/F. Does the eRF recognize all the stop codons?
True

BSMLS2A FINALS (6 decks)

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