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BSMLS2A FINALS > MLSBIO101 TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION > Flashcards

MLSBIO101 TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION Flashcards

1
Q

What is the synthesis of single stranded RNA from a double stranded DNA template?

A

Transcription

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2
Q

What is produced in transcription?

A

mRNA

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3
Q

What is the first stage of protein biosynthesis from RNA?

A

Translation

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4
Q

In translation, what is formed by using mRNA template?

A

Polypeptide

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5
Q

In translation, where does the formation of polypeptide occur?

A

Ribosomes

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6
Q

What are the two processes that is part of gene expression?

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Translation
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7
Q

What part of the eukaryotic cell separates transcription from translation?

A

Nuclear Envelope

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8
Q

What kind of processing occurs in the nucleus?

A

Extensive RNA Processing

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9
Q

What is the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template which occurs in the 5’ –> 3’ direction?

A

Transcription

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10
Q

What direction does transcription occur?

A

5’ –> 3’

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11
Q

In transcription, what enzyme reads the DNA sequence to produce a complementary and antiparallel RNA strand?

A

RNA Polymerase

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12
Q

In transcription, what are the two strands does the RNA polymerase produce by reading the DNA sequence?

A
  1. Complementary Strand
  2. Antiparallel RNA strand
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13
Q

What is the first step leading to gene expression?

A

Transcription

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14
Q

What do you call the stretch of DNA transcribed into an RNA molecule?

A

Transcription Unit

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15
Q

A transcription unit is encoded to?

A

At least one gene

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16
Q

What is the result of transcription?

A

mRNA

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17
Q

What is used to create proteins via the process of translation?

A

mRNA

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18
Q

What are the three stages of Transcription?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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19
Q

In Initiation, what enzyme binds to specific DNA region and initiate transcription called as promoter site?

A

RNA Polymerase

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20
Q

In Initiation, what do you call the site where the RNA polymerase is bonded to a specific DNA region and initiates transcription?

A

Promoter Site

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21
Q

In Initiation, what is the enzyme responsible for transcription?

A

RNA Polymerase

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22
Q

What are the 5 units of the RNA polymerase?

A
  1. 2 a subunits
  2. B subunit
  3. B’ subunit
  4. w subunit
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23
Q

In Initiation, what do you call the position of the first synthesized base of the RNA?

A

Start Site

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24
Q

In Elongation, what moves along the DNA template and sequentially synthesizes the RNA chain?

A

RNA polymerase

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25
Q

DNA unwinds ahead of the moving polymerase and the helix is reformed behind it. How many bases are unwinded at a time?

A

10-20 DNA bases

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26
Q

In Elongation, on what direction does the RNA polymerase add nucleotides?

A

5’ –> 3’

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27
Q

In termination, what do you call the part where transcription stops when RNA polymerase reaches a section of the DNA?

A

Terminator

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28
Q

What is the terminator sequence?

A

AAUAAA

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29
Q

When the RNA strand is release, what dissociates from the DNA?

A

RNA Polymerase

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30
Q

What do you call the original transcript from the DNA?

A

Pre-mRNA

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31
Q

What type of RNA contains transcript of both introns and exons?

A

Pre-mRNA

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32
Q

What is the non-coding sections of nucleic acid found between coding regions?

A

Introns

33
Q

What is the coding regions of nucleic acids?

A

Exons

34
Q

T/F. Pre-mRNA never leaves the cell’s nucleus.

A

True

35
Q

What happens to the introns to form mRNA?

A

Excised

36
Q

What happens to exons to form mRNA?

A

Joined

37
Q

What is the process called where introns are removed to produce mRNA?

A

Splicing

38
Q

What do you call the process in which the formation of polypeptide by decoding mRNA produced in transcription?

A

Translation

39
Q

Where does translation occur?

A

Ribosomes

40
Q

T/F. Are ribosomes present in the cytoplasm?

A

True

41
Q

T/F. Does translation begins after mRNA enters the cytoplasm?

A

True

42
Q

What is type of RNA is the interpreter of mRNA?

A

tRNA

43
Q

What are the four phases of translation?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Translocation
  4. Termination
44
Q

What does the initiation stage of translation brings together?

A

mRNA

45
Q

In initiation, what are the two things that bears the first amino acid of the polypeptide?

A

tRNA and two subunits of ribosomes

46
Q

What are the five components involved in the initiation of translation?

A
  1. Large and Small subunits of ribosome
  2. mRNA
  3. Initiator tRNA (Charged form)
  4. Three Factors (IF1, IF2, IF3)
  5. GTP
47
Q

What do you call the tRNA that has an amino acid linked?

A

Charged tRNA

48
Q

What factor/s are bound to free 30S subunit?

A

IF1 and IF2

49
Q

What factor/s are complexed with GTP then bind to the small subunit?

A

IF3

50
Q

What factor/s assist the charged initiator tRNA to bind?

A

IF3

51
Q

How many binding sites of tRNA does the assembled ribosome have?

A

2 tRNA binding sites

52
Q

What do you call the two tRNA binding sites assembled in the ribosome?

A
  1. A-site (Acceptor) for Aminoacyl
  2. P-site (Donor) for polypeptide
53
Q

What site is where the incoming aminoacyl-tRNA molecules bind?

A

A-site

54
Q

What do you call the site of the growing polypeptide chain?

A

P-site

55
Q

What is the major outcome of initiation?

A

Placement of initiator tRNA in the P-site

56
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG

57
Q

What is the start anticodon?

A

UAC

58
Q

On what end does the small ribosomal subunit attaches to?

A

5’ end of mRNA

59
Q

In Elongation, what do you call where the amino acid are added one by one to the first amino acid?

A

Amino acid delivery

60
Q

What do you call the recognition where mRNA codon in the A site forms hydrogen bond with the tRNA anticodon?

A

Codon Recognition

61
Q

In Codon Recognition, what bond is formed by the mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon?

A

Hydrogen Bonds

62
Q

In peptide bond formation, what catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids?

A

Ribosome

63
Q

What are the three elongation factors?

A
  1. EF-T4
  2. EF-T5
  3. EF-G
64
Q

Where does the three elongation factors bind to?

A

GTP or GDP

65
Q

What do you call the process of the tRNA with the polypeptide chain in the A site is translocated to the P site?

A

Translocation

66
Q

Where does the tRNA at the P site moves to before leaving the ribosome?

A

E site

67
Q

On what direction does the ribosome moves down the mRNA?

A

5’ –> 3’

68
Q

What do you call the process where protein factors interact with the stop codons and cause release of the completed polypeptide chain?

A

Termination

69
Q

What is the name of the protein factor involved in termination?

A

Release Factors

70
Q

What are the three stop codons?

A
  1. UAA
  2. UAG
  3. UGA
71
Q

What are the two codons recognized by RF1?

A
  1. UAA
  2. UAG
72
Q

What are the two codons recognized by RF2?

A
  1. UAA
  2. UGA
73
Q

What factor helps either RF1 and RF2 to carry out the reaction?

A

RF3

74
Q

How many initiation factors do eukaryotes have?

A

9 IF

75
Q

T/F. Eukaryotic initiator tRNA does not become formylated as in prokaryotes.

A

True

76
Q

What are the three factors involved in elongation in eukaryotes?

A
  1. eEF1a
  2. eEF1b
  3. eEFz
77
Q

How many release factors in termination do eukaryotes have?

A

One

78
Q

What is the name of the release factor in eukaryotes?

A

eRF

79
Q

T/F. Does the eRF recognize all the stop codons?

A

True

BSMLS2A FINALS (6 decks)

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