Mixtures Flashcards
Solution
Solute and a solvent. Appears as if one substance (homogeneous)
Ex: water, steel, air, alchohol
Suspension
Heterogeneous mixture. Particles are suspended in a substance. You can see particles floating
Ex: sand and water, cereal
Emulsion
Type of suspension, one liquid floats to the top and the other goes to the bottom, creating layers.
Ex: oil and water
Colloid
Type of suspension, appears as a solution but when light is shine on it, particles are visible
Ex: milk, blood
Tyndall effect
Colloid: no light shines through
Non colloid: light passes through
Pure substance
Only 1 type of particle
Homogeneous
Made up of two or more types of particles that are not visible to the naked eye
Heterogeneous
Made up of two or more types of particles that are visible to the naked eye
Solute
What is dissolved
Ex: salt
Solvent
What does the dissolving
Ex: water (universal solvent)
If you add 1ml of water to 1ml of salt will you have 2ml of solution?
No, volumes don’t add because of the way the pack together. Smaller molecules get crammed between bigger molecules
What factors effect the rate of dissolving?
- temperature (heat-solids) loses solubility for liquids
- stirring
- pressure (helps dissolve gas)
- nature of solute
Sedimentation and decantation
Particles will separate after a while. The heavier particle wil deposit at the bottom.
Decantation- separates the substances once they have formed layers
Ex: suspension, emulsion, colloid
Filtration
Filter will trap larger particle in mixture
Filters- what passes through
Residue- bigger particle left over
Ex: heterogeneous (coffee, tea, sand and water)
Distillation
Substance is boiled until it evaporates and then is condensed back into its original state
Ex: solutions (distilled water, lemon and water)
