Mixtures Flashcards
What is chromatography?
A technique used to separate substances that move at different speeds
Paper chromatography separates different solutes as they stick to the paper at different points.
What is a Colloid?
A type of mixture with suspended particles that do not separate on their own
The particles in a colloid scatter light, making the mixture cloudy instead of transparent.
What does concentrated mean?
Having a high concentration
A concentrated solution has a lot of solute compared to the amount of solvent.
What does concentration mean
The amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of a solution
A solution with a** small proportion of solute** compared to solvent has a low concentration and is dilute.
What does dissolving mean?
The mixing of a solid with a liquid to form a solution
Salt dissolves when mixed with water. The salt particles are too small to be seen in the solution.
What does distillate mean?
The liquid that is separated out by distillation
When a salt water mixture is separated by distillation, the distillate is the pure water.
What does distillation mean?
A **technique used to recover a liquid from a solution
**
Distillation separates pure water from a salt water mixture by evaporating then condensing it.
What does emulsion mean?
A mixture where liquid droplets are suspended in another liquid
Butter is an emulsion made up of water droplets mixed in oil.
What does evaporation mean?
A change of state from liquid to gas
Evaporating the solvent from a solution increases the concentration of the solute.
What does **filtrate **mean?
**The liquid that passes through a filter
**
Water is collected as the filtrate when a mixture of sand and water is poured through a filter.
What does filtration mean ?
A technique used to separate insoluble solids from liquids
Chalk can be separated from water using filtration, as the chalk is trapped by the filter.
What does floation mean?
A technique used to separate a substance that floats on another
The less dense part of a mixture floats and can be skimmed off into a separate container.
What does **insoluble **mean?
Unable to be dissolved
Sand is insoluble in water. When sand and water are mixed, they form a suspension.
What is a** mixture**?
A combination of substances that can be physically separated
The** three** types of mixture are suspensions, colloids and solutions.
What is a particle?
**A solid fragment, liquid droplet or gas bubble
**
Particle size helps to determine if a mixture will separate into its components or stay mixed.
What does proportion mean?
**The amount of one thing relative to the amount of another thing
**
The proportions of wax, graphite and clay in a pencil lead determine its properties, such as hardness and blackness.
What is a pure substance?
A substance that is made up of only one type of stuff
Examples of pure substances include purified water, oxygen, gold and table salt.
What is residue?
The solid that gets trapped by a filter
Sand is collected as residue when a mixture of sand and water is poured through a filter.
What is saturated ?
Unable to dissolve any more solute
When a solution is saturated, any more added solute will sink to the bottom as sediment.
What is saturation?
Increasing the concentration of a solution until it becomes saturated
To saturate a solution you can either add more solute or evaporate the solvent.
What is sediment?
Solid particles that have settled out of a suspension
Sediment settles when there is not enough motion to keep the particles held up.
What does soluble mean?
Able to be dissolved
Sugar is soluble in water. When sugar dissolves in water it forms a solution.
What does solubility mean?
A measure of how easily one substance dissolves in another substance
Some substances are very soluble in water, such as sugar, while others are insoluble, such as sand.
What is a solute?
A substance that dissolves in another substance
Colloids are an example of mixtures that are cloudy.
what is a solution?
A type of mixture made of one substance dissolved in another
Solutions are transparent because the dissolved particles are so tiny that they do not scatter light.
What is a solvent?
**A substance that another substance dissolves in
**
Water is an example of a solvent. Solutes, such as jelly crystals, dissolve in it to form solutions.
What is a suspension?
**A type of mixture with suspended particles that settle and separate over time
**
Motion is required to keep the components of a suspension mixed together.
What is unsaturated?
Able to dissolve more solute
To increase the concentration of an unsaturated solution, either add more solute or remove some solvent.
What is **decantation **
the process of separation of liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids, by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid below.
