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Chemistry 3rd form > Mixture, separation > Flashcards

Mixture, separation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the states of matter

A

Liquid
Solid
Gas

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2
Q

What are examples of the three states of matter

A

Water
Ice
Steam

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3
Q

A description of a liquid in terms of particles

A

Closer than gas but further apart than solid no order

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4
Q

A description of a gas in terms of particles

A

They move in random directions

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5
Q

A description of a solid in terms of particles

A

In an organised form

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6
Q

What is the freezing point of stearic acid

A

69

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7
Q

Why on a graph when something is changing state does the line level out

A

Because it needs time to break or make the bonds

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8
Q

What is the process in which a liquid turns to a solid

A

Freezing

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9
Q

What is the process in which a solid turns into a liquid

A

Melting

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10
Q

When a solid turns to a liquid what happens to the energy and bonds

A

Energy is gained and bonds between the particles weaken

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11
Q

When a liquid turns to a solid what happens to the energy and bonds

A

Energy is released and stronger bonds form between particles

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12
Q

Why would naphthalene have a higher melting point than stearic acid

A

Stearic acid has less energy

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13
Q

What does the amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depend on

A

The strength of the forces between the particles of the substances

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14
Q

What is a pure substance

A

A single element or compound not mixed with any other substance

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15
Q

What can a pure substance mean in every day language

A

A substance that has nothing added to it so it is unadulterated and in its natural state e.g. milk

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16
Q

What is an element

A

A substance made up of only one type of atom

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17
Q

What is a molecule

A

When the atoms are joined in groups of two or more

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18
Q

What is a compound

A

They contain two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded

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19
Q

How is a compound made

A

When atoms of different elements react and join together

20
Q

What are the properties of mixtures

A

Elements can be in any proportions
Each element still has its own properties
Can be separated by physical means e.g. temperature
Small energy change involved

21
Q

What are the properties of a compound

A

The proportions of elements never vary
Very different properties to the elements it’s made up of
Separated by chemical reactions
Large energy changes involved

22
Q

What is a mixture

A

Contains different particles

23
Q

Does a pure substance melts and boil at specific temperature

A

Yes

24
Q

Does a mixture melt and boil at specific temperature is it

A

No over a range

25
Q

What is a formulation

A

A mixture that has been designed as a useful product

26
Q

What are some examples of formulations

A 
Alloys
Fertilisers
Fuels
Medicines
Cleaning agents
Food and drinks
Paint
27
Q

I how would you separate solids of different sizes

A

Sieving

28
Q

How would you separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

A

Filtering

29
Q

How would you separate a solvent from a solution

A

Distillation

30
Q

How would you separate a soluble solid from a liquid

A

Evaporation

31
Q

How would you separate a mixture of dies

A

Chromatography

32
Q

What does insoluble mean

A

A solid that will not dissolve in a solvent

33
Q

What does soluble mean

A

A solid that will dissolve in a solvent

34
Q

What is a solvent

A

A liquid in which chemicals dissolve to make a solution

35
Q

What is solute

A

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent

36
Q

What is fractional distillation

A

When a substance is separated according to the different boiling points when the solution is heated Ethan will evaporate first and be collected the water will remain behind until its boiling .100° is reached

37
Q

What is simple distillation

A

It is used to obtain a solvent from a solute the solution is heated so that the solvent evaporates the solute is left behind the gas cools in the condenser and turns back into a liquid this liquid is collected and is pure solvent

38
Q

In chromatography what are the substances separated according to

A

How strongly they stick to the paper

How soluble they are in the solvent

39
Q

How does chromatography work

A

The water is drawn up by capillary action when is the solvent reaches the ink spots they are dissolved and carried with the water as it moves up the people the most soluble in travels the fastest what’s the less water soluble inks are left near the bottom of the paper

40
Q

What is capillary action

A

Sticky attractive force between water molecules and the paper

41
Q

What does RF stand for

A

Retention factor

42
Q

What is the RF

A

The ratio of the distance travelled by the sample to the distance travelled by the Solent

43
Q

What is the formula for RF

A

RF = distance moved by sample

Distance moved by solvent

44
Q

What is a solution

A

A solute dissolved in a solvent

45
Q

What is a non-aqueous solution

A

A solution where the solute is dissolved in a solvent isn’t water

46
Q

What is an aqueous solution

A

A solution where a solute is dissolved in water

Chemistry 3rd form (3 decks)

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