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Chemistry 3rd form > Atomic structure and periodic table > Flashcards

Atomic structure and periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of an atom

A

An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element

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2
Q

How many different elements are there

A

118

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3
Q

What is pure metal

A

A metal that is made up of one type of atom

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4
Q

What are atoms made up of

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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5
Q

What is the nucleus made of

A

Protons and neutrons

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6
Q

What are the layers called around the nucleus

A

Shells

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7
Q

What are the two important properties of protons neutrons and electrons

A

The mass and electrical charge

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8
Q

What is the mass and electrical charge of a proton neutron and electron

A 
Proton 
Mass 1
Charge +1
Neutron 
Mass 1
Charge 0
Electrons 
Mass almost 0
Charge -1
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9
Q

What charge does the atoms of an element have

A

They have no overall charge because the element contains equal numbers of protons and electrons

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10
Q

What charge is the nucleus

A

Positive because the nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons since neutrons have a charge of zero protons have a charge of +1 it will be protons

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11
Q

If the number of protons change in an atom what happens to the atom

A

It becomes a different element

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12
Q

What is the number of protons in an atom known as

A

The atomic number or proton number

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13
Q

How do you know what the atomic number is on the periodic table

A

It is normally the smaller of the two numbers next to the element

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14
Q

How can you find the mass number in the periodic table

A

It is usually the larger of the two numbers next to the elements

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15
Q

What is the mass number equation

A

Number of protons + the number of neutrons

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16
Q

What are isotopes

A

Atoms that have the same number of protons which is every atom that have different number of neutrons

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17
Q

What are the chemical properties of an isotope

A

They are identical to each other because they have the same number of protons and electrons and an uncharged neutron makes a little different to chemical properties

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18
Q

What are the physical properties of an isotope

A

They are similar to the normal atom apart from the melting point and boiling point is different

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19
Q

What does RAM stand for

A

Relative atomic mass

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20
Q

Definition of relative atomic mass

A

The relative atomic mass of an element is the weighted average mass of the atom of the element measure the relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon 12 atom

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21
Q

How do you workout the relative atomic mass

A

It is an average which means you take the atomic number of each isotope and multiply it by the percentage of how much there is in the world then divided by 100 and you get your answer

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22
Q

Is which shell is filled fast with electrons

A

The ones closest to the nucleus

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23
Q

Are Filled electron shells stable

A

Yes

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24
Q

What are the columns in the periodic table

A

Groups

25
Q

What are the rows in the periodic table called

A

Periods

26
Q

Where do elements in period one have their electrons

A

They only have the electrons in the first shell

27
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons the first shell can hold

A

Two

28
Q

Do elements in period two have a complete first shell

A

Yes

29
Q

What happens to the electrons as you go across the periods from left to right

A

Each element from left to right goes up one electron at a time lithium having to on the first shell and one on the second carbon having two on the first shell and four on the second flooring having two on the first shelf and seven on the second

30
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons the second shell can have

A

8

31
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons the third shell can have

A

8

32
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons the fourth shell can have

A

2

33
Q

What is the trend of the electrons when you look at a group

A

The number of electrons on the outer shell is the same and the number of complete electron shells increases by one

34
Q

What is the number of the group the same as

A

The number of electrons in the outer shell except for group 0

35
Q

What is the same about elements in the same group

A

They have similar properties because elements in a group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell answer react in a similar manner

36
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom or group of atoms that has an electrical charge either positive or negative

37
Q

How do atoms become ions

A

Atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons and so do not have an overall charge atoms with incomplete outer electron shells are on stable but are the gaining or losing outer electrons in atoms can obtain full outer electron shells and become stable when this happens atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons and so have an overall charge this is called an ion

38
Q

Call the number of protons and the number of electrons eqaul

A

Yes

39
Q

Can atoms gain or lose protons

A

No

40
Q

What are negatively charged irons called

A

Anions

41
Q

What are positively charged ions called

A

Cations

42
Q

What is a compound ion

A

An ion made up of a group of atoms

43
Q

What are the two common types of ions

A
  • IDE ions

- ate ions

44
Q

What is the difference between -ide ions and -ate ions

A
  • ide ions a generally negatively charged ions

- ate ions a generally posotively charged

45
Q

What is the exception to the -ide ions and the -ate ions

A

The hydroxide ion which contains hydrogen and oxygen

46
Q

What atoms are present in hydroxide and what is the charge

A

1 oxygen
1 hydrogen
-1

47
Q

What atoms are present in sulphate and what is the charge

A

1 sulfur atom
4 oxygen atoms
-2

48
Q

What atoms are present in nitrate and what is the charge

A

One nitrogen atom
Three oxygen atom
-1

49
Q

What atoms are present in carbonate and what is the charge

A

One carbon atom
Three oxygen atoms
-2

50
Q

What atoms are present in ammonium and what is the charge

A

One nitrogen atom
Four hydrogen atoms
+1

51
Q

What did Democritus discover and when was he alive

A

He thought what if he could keep on chopping a piece of bread in half and came up with the idea of an atom a spherical tiny atom he was alive in 400 BC

52
Q

What did John dalton discover and when was he alive

A

All elements are made up of atoms atoms of the same element all the same atoms of different elements or different sizes and masses compounds are formed by two or more atoms join together he was alive in 1803

53
Q

What did JJ Thompson discover and when was he alive

A

He discovered the atom has negatively charged particles he concluded that there would also have to be positively charged particles to balance out the negatively charged particles in the atom book never find them as He discovered the atom has negatively charged particles he concluded that there would also have to be positively charged particles to balance out the negatively charged particles in the atom but can never find them as a result he purpose the pump putting model of atoms with electrons in a positively charged see much like plum pudding. He was alive in 1897

54
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford discovered and when was he alive

A

He concluded experiment firing positively charged alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold to see what would happen to the atoms in the gold he expected most of the particles to pass through unaffected and a few being deflected by the interaction with the negatively charged particles however much to his amazement he discovered that some of the particles bounce back he concluded that an atom must be mostly empty space with a small dense positively charged particle in the centre surrounded by negatively charged electrons he was the 1st to observe protons he was alive in 1908

55
Q

What did Niels Bohr discover and when was he alive

A

He realised the electrons in a cloud around the nucleus of an atom would be attracted to the positive nucleus and would cause it to collapse he suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus in thick shells with each shell being a fixed distance from the nucleus he was alive in 1913

56
Q

What did James Chadwick discover and when was he alive

A

He carried out an experiment that provided evidence for neutral particles in the nucleus called the neutrons this resulted in a model of the atom which was pretty close to the modern day except version known as the nuclear model with protons and neutrons as the nucleus and electrons orbiting the nucleus in shells fixed proportions away from the nucleus he was alive in 1932

57
Q

When was Dmitri Mendeleev alive

A

1834-1907

58
Q

How did mmendeleev contribute to the periodic table

A

He arranged the 50 known elements by atomic weight but made sure they were grouped with similar properties he left gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted what there properties were a few years later he found his predictions were correct he also made a hole new group the noble gases

59
Q

In what order did Mendeleev originally set out the elements

A

By atomic mass

Chemistry 3rd form (3 decks)

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