Metals and reactivity Flashcards
What are the elements in group 1 called
The alkali metals
Are metals in group 1 reactive
Yes very
How common are group 1 elements
Rarely found in nature as pure elements
How many electrons do the alkali metals have in there outer shell s
1
What are the characteristics properties of the alkali metals
They are soft they have low density they have low melting and boiling points they are good conductors of heat and electricity they are shiny when freshly cut
How are the melting and boiling points affected with alkali metals and why
They decrease going down the group for example lithium has a melting point of 181 sodium 98 potassium 64 rubidium 39 caesium 28 this is because as the atoms get larger the attraction between the positive metal ions and the delocalized sea of electrons gets weaker and so the metal becomes easier to melt and boil
How do alkali metals react with oxygen
Who alkali metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides this produces a layer of dull oxide on the surface of the metal
How does the speed of the alkali metal reacting with the oxygen compare to where they are on the table
The speed increases going down the group
What is the reaction between an alkali metal and oxygen called
Oxidation reaction that takes place when an atoms outer electron is lost
What is the word equation for the oxidation reaction between an alkali metal and an oxygen
Alkali metal add oxygen arrow alkali metal oxide
What is the ionic equation for the Oxidation of sodium atom
Na arrow Na+ + e-
How does a positive ion with a charge of +1 get formed
The atom loses one electron
How to all of the alkali metals react with water
Vigourously
How do the reactions change as descend down the group 1
Does it get more vigourous
What is an exothermic reaction
One that releases heat
Is the alkali metals reacting with water an exothermic reaction
Yes it produces heat
Why is the group 1 elements called the alkali metals
Because the reaction with water creates alkaline hydroxide ions
How does lithium react with water
List him is the least reactive when added to water it fishes and moves around slowly across the surface of the water it also produces hydrogen
How does sodium reacts with water
When added to water it freezes more than lithium and move quickly across the surface of the water the sodium melts as it reacts and becomes spherical and shiny the hydrogen sometimes catches fire because of the heat from the reaction but not often
How does potassium react with water
When added to water potassium is quickly across the surface of the water like sodium it melts with the heat of the reaction reaction produces so much heat the hydrogen catches fire and burns a purple flame
Why does reactivity increase when you go down the group one elements
The metal atoms have to lose the outer electrons to form positive ions to react reactivity depends on how easily the electron can be lost the bigger of the atom the more easily electron is lost as the atom gets bigger the outer electron gets further away so it is not so attracted to the nucleus is lost more easily going down the group the atom is bigger
Does lithium float when reacted with water
Yes
Is there any energy change when lithium reacts with water
Yes gives of heat
Does lithium give off gas when reactive with water
Yes
Is there a flame when lithium is reactive of water
No
Does lithium change the colour of the indicator when reacted to water
Yes changes from green to purple
When reacted with water does sodium float is there any energy change is gas given off is there a flame and is there any change in the colour of the indicator
It does float the energy change is it melts because of the heat is hydrogen gas given off there is sometimes a flame and the indicator changes from green to yellow
When potassium reacts with water does it float is there any energy change is gas given off is there a flame and does the indicator colour change
It does float the heat and light of energy change hydrogen gas is given off there is always a flame and the indicator changes from green to lilac
What happens to calcium when reacted with cold and warm water and cold and warm hydrochloric acid
In the cold water it first white and made a pop it would have gone worse reactions from there
What happens to iron wool when reacted with cold and warm water and cold and warm hydrochloric acid
In the warm hydrochloric acid fizzes gently with a white squeaky pop with the rest it does nothing
What happens to zinc when reacted with cold and warm water and cold and warm hydrochloric acid
There are tiny bubbles fizzing and a big pop in warm hydrochloric acid in the rest it does nothing
What happens to copper when reacted with cold and warm water and cold and warm hydrochloric acid
Does nothing in all of them
What happens to lead when reacted with cold and warm water and cold and warm hydrochloric acid
In warm hydrochloric acid there are slight bubbles in the rest there are no reactions
What happens to magnesium when reacted with cold and warm water and cold and warm hydrochloric acid
In warm water fizzes gently with no pop in cold hydrochloric acid it reacts vigourously and will react worse in warm hydrochloric acid it does nothing in cold water
What does a more reactive metal do to a less reactive metal in a compound
It displaces the less reactive mental from the compound
What is the reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
How would you extract potassium sodium and aluminium from their ores
By electrolysis
How would you extract zinc iron and copper from their ores
Buy reduction by carbon
How would you extract silver and gold from there or
Not necessary found pure in the ground
What do metals above hydrogen react with and produce
They react with water to produce hydrogen
What is displacement
The metal in a compound is replaced with a more reactive metal to form a new compound e.g. copper sulphate
What do you displacement reactions determine
Whether one metal is more reactive than another e.g. magnesium is able to displace copper from copper sulphate
What is reduction
A loss of oxygen
What is oxidisation
A gain of oxygen
What is a redox reaction
One in which both oxidation and reduction are occurring
In terms of electrons what happens in oxidation
Loses electrons
In terms of electrons what happens in reduction
Gains electrons
What is Rust
Corrosion of iron
When does iron rust
It rusts in the presence of oxygen and water
What barriers can you use to prevent rust
Painting plastic coating covering in oil or grease
How else can you prevent rust without using a barrier
Alloying
Mixing the iron with chromium and nickel to produce stainless steel prevents rust
Galvanised iron
Coated with a layer of zinc
How does galvanisation work
Zinc is more reactive than iron so it corrodes instead of the iron
What are the 4 main ores
Haematite magnetite iron oxide
Malachite copper carbonate
Bauxite aluminium oxide
What is bioleaching
It is the extraction of specific metals from their ores through the use of bacteria
What are three advantages of bioleaching
It is very economical as it is simple this makes it cheap it is environmentally friendly unlike traditional methods bioleaching can be used on or is that a poor in quality this is important because high grade ores are limited
What are three disadvantages of Bioleaching
The process is very slow there are also some toxic chemicals which are harmful to the environment deficiency by which the bacteria convert the copper ore into copper metal is very slow so there is a lot of waste
What are the advantages of mining
lots of copper can be extracted makes money for the company provides jobs for local people
What are the disadvantages of mining
Dangerous destroys habitats creates pollution from cars dust and noise smelting releases gases such as SO2 requires energy to extract copper from that or creating carbon dioxide electrolysis uses large amounts of energy only worthwhile extracting high-grade all
What are the five stages of phytomining
Plants grow in soil containing low-grade all
Copper ions are absorbed by roots and become concentrated in the plant
Copper ions join with oxide ions from the air during burning ash containing copper is reacted with sulphuric acid and then filtered
Electrolysis of the copper sulphate solution produces very pure copper
What are the advantages of phytomining
Use low-grade copper or requires less energy than smelting produces less air pollution reduces amount of waste rock
What are the disadvantages of phytomining
Can produce toxic chemicals much slower process electrolysis requires large amounts of electricity
What is leachate solution
It contains the copper compound is produced by bacteria and is formed when a liquid passes through an organism
