Mixed systems and History Flashcards

Question

Borrowed words

Answer 1

``` the original spelling of loan words are often maintained. souffle ballet lingerie bologna ```

Answer 2

3 writing systems | mix of logographic and syllabic

Answer 3

pictorial characetrs well past pictorial origins (not pictographs)

Answer 4

Lower Egypt: near Kyro | Upper Egypt: south

Answer 5

french classical scholar. Father of Egyptology. Thomas Young also contributed, grasped the phonetic principle.

Answer 6

Final stage of Egypt language. uses modified form of greek alphabet.

Answer 7

Hieroglyphs Demonic Greek

Answer 8

traditional egyptian writing was maintained for ahwile but Egypt became christian, their writing was abandoned but still used in religeous context

Answer 9

``` Old Egyptian Middle Egyptian (classical) Late Egyptian Demonic (record keeping) Coptic (still used) ```

Answer 10

considered earliest transcription Narmer: first king to unite upper and lower Egypt Temple object (personal would be smaller) used to grind cosmetics 3100 BCE

Answer 11

Hieroglyphic Hieratic Demotic

Answer 12

``` pictorial no ligatures oldest form written on papyrus, walls, stone etc scribe>stone worker Royals, Priests, the elite ```

Answer 13

non pictorial ligatures Ebers medical papyrus giving the treatment of cancer derived from hieroglyphics, more cursive one of 2 oldest preserved documents written on mostly papyrus and stone and pottery right to left previously used for informal then for religeous

Answer 14

``` non pictorial ligatures designed for papyrus even more cursive Right to left ```

Answer 15

made from read plant, the environment there was hot and dry, good for preservation. pens made out of read, black and red ink

Answer 16

contrastive sounds 2,3 or 5 word roots word order is VSO doesnt write vowels

Answer 17

3 kinds of characters phonetic characters logographs determiners (semantic, phonetic)

Answer 18

``` logographs monoconsonantal graphemes (unilaterals) biconsonantal graphemes (Bilaterals) triconsonantal graphemes (trilaterals) complements (phonological, semantic) ```

Answer 19

indentifies the symbol as a logograph, if not there then the value of the symbol becomes alphabetic (representing phoneme)

Answer 20

more than 2 indentifiers logogrpahic way to do plurals, draw 3 ducks etc Dual is 2 indentifiers

Answer 21

short signs can be stacked written either way or in coloms. symbols face the direction you start reading

Answer 22

rope around text with vertical line on one side, name inside is royal

Answer 23

theory that writing has one common origin. (Not correct) Gelb: diffusionist model Writing invented in Bablionia

Answer 24

Egyptian hieroglyphs are the most likely ancestor of the semitic abjad

Answer 25

``` origination from several independent sources. origin of writing appears to be polygenetic. Sumerian Chinese Meso-American Egyptian Indus Valley ```

Answer 26

A unilinear theory of the development of writing, outdated concept. all societys pass though similar stages from primitive to civilized

Answer 27

``` Stages: Pictographic Logographic Syllabic Phonemic ``` Biased that Phonemic is the most civilized development towards ideal? writing spread through trade and religion

Answer 28

law of least effort-moving towards easiest way of writing Reduction in complexity- as we get to the end, at easiest and least complex form. but Egyptian and Myan are very complex?

Answer 29

the ability to read and write

Answer 30

not being able to use reading/writing skills in everyday situation. can decode though

Answer 31

the inability to read and write a simple message in any language

Answer 32

preliminary stage: learn how to read and write in school Second stage: individual stops reading and writing for whatever reason and forgets. results in an illiterate state

Answer 33

two different varieties of a language are used. one fr writing and one for speech. exists in a society where there are two distinct varieties in a language that serve their own function

Answer 34

high variety in a diglossic situation is often a written language, a formal form. more prestigeous, taught in school, literature

Answer 35

informal, familiar, digestable, politically correct

Answer 36

yes, 2 classical are Saskrit and Latin. Classical has lost communicative function

Answer 37

Stigmitized, not prestige. in research, people wont admit to speaking it. not usually used in writing everyday, informal form English was considered the low variety until Chauser changed that. Norman-French was considered high

Answer 38

The use of two writing systems for the same language one speech community, two writing systems division possible

Answer 39

implies something was not working to make it a better fit, ideal would be 1:1 attempt to introduce a one to one correspondence between phoneme and grapheme