Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Ling 290 > Mid term 1 (Intro and Logographic) > Flashcards

Mid term 1 (Intro and Logographic) Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of writing

A

A set of Visual or tactile signs used to represent units of language in a systematic way.
purpose of recording messages.
can be retrieved by everyone who knows:
1. language in question
2. the rules by which it’s units are encoded in the writing system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What criteria is needed for a wiring system?

A

purpose for communication
complete writing, visible or tactile
has to be some durability
marks that relate conventionally (shared among community)
to articulate language or electronic programming.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aristotle view (Greece)

A
  1. material, 2. speak about it, 3. write about it

Speaking precedes writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thoth (ancient Egypt)

A
  1. in heart, 2. speak about it, 3. materialize it, create written
    Speech into materialized objects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is writing or speech more dominant?

A

writing is new, language is ancient. language is only spoken and not written in some places. pros and cons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

saussure’s ling sign

A

simultaneously consists of sound image and concept.

every sign is part of a language, every language made up of a sign.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

saussure

A

father of contemporary linguistics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is a sign made up of?

A

signifier and signified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

signifier

A

the word “cat” (symbol) phonemes /kat/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

signified

A

the concept of a cat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sound image

A

getting ready to say cat, mental notation of the sound (the phonemes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

characteristics of speech

A
  1. continuous
  2. bound to time of utterance
  3. contextual
  4. transient
  5. audible
  6. produced by voice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

characteristics of writing

A
  1. discrete
  2. timeless
  3. autonomous (provide context)
  4. permanent
  5. visible
  6. produced by hand?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

cave paintings of lascaux

A

Signs. don’t signify a sound, refer directly to the concept by representing it, iconic symbol, graphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

quipu knots

A

Signs.
600/1,000 left
recording devices used by the Inca empire
spun cord that has been dyed
where the 100’s, 10’s and 1’s are put are important
colours and direction of knots are systematic
evidence it represents names, when and where they lives etc.. not just numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Features of writing

A
  1. Autoindexicality

2. Conventionality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Autoindexicality

A

the systematic consitution of writing allows for its decipherment
ex. rosetta stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

conventionality

A

writing in a conventional procedure for using signs
general agreement about procedure
all writing systems utilize the features of meaning and sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acrophonic Principle

A

the phonetic value of a symbol is the first sound in the name of that symbol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phonography

semantics/ semeography

A

graphic representation of pure sound
reason/meaning

Sound and meaning are features of writing systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Iconic signs

A

representing what they are
ex bike sign
Korean writing system that represents the position of tongue when making that sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Wilkins’s physiological alphabet

A

Not iconic
visible speech alphabet correlates sign with the human sound production system.
too abstract to be iconic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

IPA

A

Not iconic
writing system that represents sound
A system used by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds the human apparatus can produce
established 1886
results from work of articulatory phonetics
many symbols from latin and greek alphabet

24
Q

Iconic

A

not abstract, represent the meaning look like what the are representing

25
consonants
Glottal state place of articulation manner of articulation
26
vowels
tongue position lip rounding * close=high open=low [u]= close back rounded vowel
27
Cherokee
a syllabary using some symbols of the Roman alphabet | each symbol represents a syllable
28
writing system
a standardized set of graphic symbols used to represent linguistic units
29
scripts
the graphic form of units of a writing system (actual symbols)
30
orthography
the standardized spelling (using a writing system)
31
signary
the complete inventory of the basic signs of a writing system
32
grapheme
the atomic unit in a written language, minimal unit that is constrastive. shall= 3 graphemes sh a ll
33
digraph
two part element that comes together to make one contrastive unit ex. sh= digraph, two parts
34
allograph
a variant of a grapheme t T represents the same sound, looks different
35
pictograph
represent physical object
36
glyph
the specific form of a character. every grapheme has a number of glyph expressions
37
Phoneme
an abstract sound used by speakers to make differentiations of meaning in a language
38
Typologies
``` what linguistic unit is mapped to symbols? word or morpheme? (logographic) syllable? (syllabic) phoneme? Multiple units of representation ```
39
working definition of a word
a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes which are linked more or less tightly together
40
morpheme
a minimal linguistic unit which has meaning or grammatical function
41
features of a morpheme
morpheme meaning reflected in the word a morpheme does not equal a syllable combining morphemes may result in spelling or pronunciation changes
42
logographic system
``` one logograph is a single written character which represents a word or morpheme #$@% 123... a system is logographic because the symbol represents a morpheme or word, encoding the linguistic unit ```
43
pictograph
an image which represents a concept or an object by illustration (need pigment and medium) first stage of Cuneiform
44
petroglyph
an image which represents a concept or an object by carving (no pigment) usually rock still has illustrative quality
45
Sumerian book keeping records of Uruk
circles and half moons that represent a quantity
46
Cuneiform logographs development
``` One word=one grapheme development: 1. pictographs 2. 90 degree shift counter clockwise 3. become stylized, pictorial quality dissapears 4. symbolic (abstract) ``` changed what they are working with, wood sticks on clay symbols can advance in meaning *=star, *=God, heaven (becomes more symbolic)
47
homophone
words that sound the same but have different meanings
48
Extension
Semantic: pictographs begin to be used to represent abstract notions Phonetic: pictographs are used for homophones
49
Rebus principle
written symbols are borrowed to represent new words with the same sounds regardless of what these symbols originally mean they are homophones Ex I see you "ti" (picture of arrow) logographic=arrow Rebus=life
50
Polyphones
one symbol, many phonemic values /zu/ tooth /ka/ mouth /gu/ voice
51
Semantic compounds
new symbols were created by combining existing symbols | results in one new symbol
52
semantic determinative
specifies meaning | a way to disambiguate signs by adding a supplementary sign
53
Phonetic complement
specifies part of the words pronunciation, phonetic complement
54
determinatives and complements
added beside a symbol to give you a clue of what it means (semantic) or how to say it (phonetic) on its own its not a logograph, it is only added to a logograph
55
The sumerian legends of Gilgamesh
possibly the oldest story every told

Ling 290 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions