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Mixed Subject Flashcards

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1
Q

Odd Ratio =

A

ad/bc (“X”)

The risk of Dz second to exposure

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2
Q

Asterixis is …

A

Flapping Tremor

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3
Q

Fetor Hepaticus is …

A

“breath of the dead”a sweet musty fecal order of the breath associated w/ Liver Dz.

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4
Q

Trendeleburg sign is associated w/ damage to this nerve

A

Superior Gluteal

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5
Q

Dactylitis is …

A

inflammation of the digits associated w/ SCD, Athropathy and TB

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6
Q

Dx a cardiac tamponade w/ …

A

Transthoracic Echocardiogram

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7
Q

Pt w/ no risk factors and Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency concurrent w/ Liver Dz or COPD will have this abnormal lab.

A

Decreased Albumin

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8
Q

Pt w/ elevated Serum CK and Pulmonary Edema indicates this condition.

A

Acute and Chronic Renal Failure

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9
Q

Pt w/ Dyspnea and elevated BNP will have this condition.

A

Cardiac Failure, MI, Etc…

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10
Q

Pt w/ Dyspnea, Systolic Ejection Murmur, normal Pulmonary exam. Next lab to check…

A

CBC for Anemia

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11
Q

Febrile Pt w/ consolidations on CXR and Dyspnea will have this abnormal lab.

A

Elevated WBC

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12
Q

Straight Leg Test indicates …

A

Sciatic Nerve/Disc Herniation

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13
Q

Seated Flexion Test and ASIS Compression indicates …

A

Sacroilliac Dysfxn

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14
Q

Standing Flexion Test indicates …

A

Illiocsacral Dysfxn

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15
Q

Asthma Pulmonary Fxn tests will indicate ..

A

Decreased FEV, FEV/FVC

Increased DLCO

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16
Q

“Morning After Pill” contains … and is effective if taken w/n …

A

Progestin Only

72 hrs of sex

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17
Q

Tx for Benzo OD

A

Flumazenil

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18
Q

Tx for APAP OD

A

N-acetylcysteine

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19
Q

Tx for Heparin OD

A

Protime

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20
Q

Tx for Lead Toxicity

A

Dimercaprol
Succimer
Edetate Calcium Disodium

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21
Q

Tx for Mercury or Lead Toxicity

A

Dimercaprol

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22
Q

Pt Chest pain that radiates to jaw and had MI w/n last ten days, to r/o reinfarct use…

A

EKG

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23
Q

Pt w/ abd pain out of proportion to physical. Barium Enema indicates thickened mucosal fold. Hx of Malignancy, Infection, Pancreatitis, OCP, Portal HTN.
Dx…
Tx…

A

Acute Mesenteric Ischemia second to Venous Thrombosis

Heparin

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24
Q

Pt w/ abd pain out of proportion to physical. Hx of Heart/Arterial Pathology/Procedure.
Dx…
Tx…

A

Acute Mesenteric Ischemia second to Arterial Thrombosis

IV Strepokinase, Papaverineif during Angiography

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25
Q

Pt has resistant MDD, next step in pharm

A

Lithium

Atypical Antipsychotics, Non-SSRI Antidepressant

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26
Q

Pt has Post-Partum Hemorrhage. Amenorrhea, anorexia and inability to breast feed occur d/t …
Dx…

A

Decreased TSH (all Ant. Pit hormones decreased)

Sheehan Syn.

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27
Q

ST elevation in II, III, AVF. Infarct at …

A

Inferior

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28
Q

ST elevation in I, AVL, v5, v6. Infarct at …

A

Anteriolateral

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29
Q

ST depression in v1, v2, v3. Infarct at …

A

Posterior (suspected, confirm w/ posterior EKG and elevations at v7, v8, v9)

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30
Q

ST elevation in v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6. Infarct at …

A

Anterior

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31
Q

Lead and heart position

A 
I - Lateral
II - Inferior
III - Inferior
AVR - NONE
AVL - Lateral
AVF - Inferior
v1 - Septal
v2 - Septal
v3 - Anterior
v4 - Anterior
v5 - Lateral
v6 - Lateral
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32
Q

Alcoholic Pt has Ataxia, Confusion, and Eye dysfxn. Smear shows target cellsMost likely Dx is …

A

Wernicke Encephalopathy

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33
Q

Difference b/t Wernicke and Korsakoff is

A

Korsakoff is chronic dementia w/ confabulations

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34
Q

Pt w/ urinary frequency and painless hematuria. Dx w/

A

Cytoscopy and Bx

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35
Q

Pt is prev vaca w/ rabies and is bite by a bat, Tx …

A

Irrigate wound + 2x Rabies vacc

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36
Q

Pt is bite by a bat, Tx …

A

Irrigate wound + 4x Rabies vacc + Rabies Ig

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37
Q

Baby cant feed, use OMM to Tx …

A

Occipital Condyles

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38
Q

Cardiac tamponade is a form of this type of shock

A

Cardiogenic

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39
Q

TTP Tx

A

FFP + Urgent Plasma Exchange

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40
Q

Pt w/ elevated LDH, decreased haptoglobin, bloody diarrhea.

A

HUS

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41
Q

Ask Infant presents w/ bright red blood in stool, most likely Dx.

A

Meckel Diverticulum

Dx w/ Nuc Tec-99 Scan.

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42
Q

Pt presents w/ multi Cancers and has Fam Hx w/ Mult Cancers, suspect…

A

Lynch Syn (HNCC)

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43
Q

4 things done by angiotensin II

A

CNS&raquo_space; Thirst

Posterior Pituitary&raquo_space; ADH&raquo_space; Reabsorb Water and Urea

Alpha-1&raquo_space; Vasoconstriction of renal afferent and efferent

Zona Glomerular&raquo_space; Release ALD&raquo_space; Pull Water in&raquo_space; Increase Preload&raquo_space; Atria release ANP&raquo_space; Blocks cGMP&raquo_space; Dialates renal afferent&raquo_space; Increase GFR, drops two waters

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44
Q

Other ways to describe ‘Dehydration’

A

Gaisbock Syn
Stress Polycythemia
Spurious
Plasma Volume Loss

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45
Q

The main difference between Polycythemia Vera and Essential Polycythemia.

A

Essential Polycythemia PLTs >600,000

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46
Q

Retroperitoneal Organs

A 
SAD PUCKER
S = Suprarenal (adrenal) glands.
A = Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava.
D = Duodenum (second and third segments)
P = Pancreas.
U = Ureters.
C = Colon (ascending and descending only)
K = Kidneys.
E = Esophagus.
R = Rectum.
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47
Q

When to use CT or MRI

A 
Squishy = MRI ( EXCEPT if retroperitoneal, then CT)
Hard = CT
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48
Q

ACTH activates …

A

Cortisol

Beta-Lipotropin&raquo_space; MSH/Endophins

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49
Q

What lab determines liver failure?

A

PT-INR + Albumin < 3

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50
Q

Sertoli cells are activated by … and produce …

A

FSH/Testosterone

Inhibin B
Sperm
MIF

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51
Q

Leydig Cells are activated by … and produce …

A

LH

Testosterone

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52
Q

This is a stalker of water

A

Urea

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53
Q

ADH causes …

A

water to be reabsorbed

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54
Q

Traits of a Lipid Drug

A

Taken 1-2/day
High VOD
High Toxicity
Proccessed by the liver

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55
Q

Sx examples of ‘Chronic’ Dz.

What Dx Test(s)?

A

Weakness/Dyspnea or Tachy/Dyspnea

Get a UA and CXR

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56
Q

Rapid cells regenerate ….

A

every 5-7 days

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57
Q

Second messenger of anabolism

A

Tyrosine Kinase

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58
Q

1 Cz of death

A

Heart Failure

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59
Q 
EPO
Induced by: 
Blocked by: 
Target: 
MOA: 
Messenger:
A 
Induced by: Hypoxia
Blocked by: Oxygen
Target: Bone Marrow
MOA: RBC Production
Messenger: TK
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60
Q

You have Hgb, but need Hct

A

Hgbx3=Hct

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61
Q

Ferrous Iron symbol

A

Fe+2

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62
Q

Pt has Hct >55%, Dx…

Next Step…

A

Polycythemia

Check EPO

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63
Q

Pt Labs: EPO Inc, RBC Inc, WBC Inc, PLTs Inc

A

Polycythemia Vera or Essential Thrombocythemia

look at PLTS, >600K = ET

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64
Q

Tx for Essential Thrombocythemia

A

NS, ASA, Ane

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65
Q

Common Cz of Polycythemia

A

Wilms Tumor
RCC
Hypoxia

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66
Q

Effects of aldosterone

A

Increase basolateral Na/K exchange

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67
Q

Zones/Hormones of Adrenal gland

A

Glomerulus&raquo_space; Ang II&raquo_space; ALD
Fasiculata&raquo_space; ACTH&raquo_space; Cortisol
Reticulanis&raquo_space; ACTH&raquo_space; Androgen
Medulla&raquo_space; Catecholomines

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68
Q

Most common Renal mass

A

Cyst

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69
Q

Most common primary renal tumor in adults/children

A

Adults: RCC (adenoma)
Children: Wilms

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70
Q 
ALD
Induced by: 
Blocked by: 
Target: 
MOA: 
Messenger:
A 
Induced by: Low BP/HypoNa/HypoVol/HyperK
Blocked by: HyperVol
Target: Kidney >> DCT/CD
MOA: Stimulate basolateral Na/K
Messenger: None
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71
Q

Conn Syn Path

A

Too much ALD

    • HypoK
    • HyperNa
    • HyperVol (HTN)
    • Met Alkalosis
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72
Q

1 Cz of Adrenal insufficency in world/US

A

TB/Steroids

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73
Q

How to tell the differece b/t adrenal insuff d/t TB or steroids

A

Steroids will still allow other adrenal Fxn&raquo_space; will NOT bronze

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74
Q

Adrenal Steroid path

A

Cholesterol&raquo_space; Pregnolone&raquo_space; Progesterone&raquo_space;Zone Dependant Hormone

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75
Q

Deficiency of:
11 Hydroxylase …
17 Hydroxylase …
21 Hydroxylase …

A

HTN/SEX

11 – HTN (High ALD-like, low Renin)/Virilization/HypoK
17 – HTN (High ALD)/No Virilization/HypoK
21 – HypoTN/Virilization/HyperK

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76
Q 
Cortisol
Induced by: 
Blocked by: 
Target: 
MOA: 
Messenger:
A 
Induced by: Low Sugar
Blocked by: High Sugar
Target: Anywhere it wants
MOA: Upregulates ALL receptors
Messenger: none
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77
Q

Addison’s Path

A

Too little Cortisol

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78
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome Path

A

Too Much Cortisol (M+M)

    • Moonface
    • Truncal obesity
    • Purple striae
    • Buffalo hump
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79
Q

Pt w/ HTN, HypoK.
Labs show Low Renin + Low ALD
DDx…

A

2nd HyperALD

    • Diuretic Use
    • Renin Tumor
    • Malig HTN
    • Renovascular HTN
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80
Q

Pt w/ HTN, HypoK.
Labs show Low Renin + High ALD
DDx…

A

Primary Hyper ALD

    • ALD Tumor
    • Deoxycorticosterone Tumor
    • b/l Adrenal hyperplasia
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81
Q

Pt w/ HTN, HypoK.
Labs show High Renin + High ALD
DDx…

A

Non-ALD Cz

    • CAH
    • Cushing Syn
    • Exogenous Mineralocorticoids
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82
Q

Major adverse effect of PTU/Methimazole

A

Agranulocytosis

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83
Q

Antithyroid med, 1st trimester

Side effects include …

A

PTU

Hepatic Failure, ANCA Vasculitis

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84
Q

Pt is a smoker w/ high Ca and low Phos

Dx and Abnl lab …

A

Lung SCC
Increased PTH-like protein
Decreased PTH

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85
Q

Increased Calcitonin occurs in this cancer

A

Medullary Thyroid

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86
Q

MEN Syn

A

1&raquo_space; Pituitary/Pancreas/Parathyroid
2a&raquo_space; Medullary/Pheo/Parathyroid
2b&raquo_space; Medullary/Pheo/Mucosal Neuroma Marfan

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87
Q

Labs of Ca, Phosphate, PTH in aPt w/ CKD

A

Ca – Low
Phos – High
PTH – High

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88
Q

Pt develops esophagitis following Hyperthyroid Tx

Dx/Tx

A

Agranulocytosis

Stop the Drug, CBC w/ Diff

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89
Q

Pt w/ hypoglycemia + c-peptide >0.5

A

Beta-Cell Tumor (Insulinoma)

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90
Q

Pt w/ hypoglycemia + c-peptide 0.2-0.5

A

Sulfonylurea Use

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91
Q

Pt w/ HTN, HypoK

Dx Test

A

Renin + ALD

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92
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome

A

Diarrhea
Wheezing
Flushing

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93
Q

Pt w/ recent stressful event develops Tach, HTN, Arrhythmia, AMS, Lid Lag, Seizure, Fever
Dx/Tx

A

Thyroid Storm

Thyroid panel + propranolol

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94
Q

High CK indicates

A

Damage to heart, kidney or muscle

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95
Q

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency labs

A

ACTH High

ALD/Cortisol Low

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96
Q

Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency labs

A

ACTH/Cortisol Low

ALD nl

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97
Q

Correct Calcium Equation

A

Ca + 0.8 x (4-Albumin)

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98
Q

Dx of HyperCa Path

A

Retest Ca, Correct Ca&raquo_space; PTH Low?

PTH Low (Independent)&raquo_space; Measure PTHrP/25-Vit D/1-25 Vit D&raquo_space; DDx = Malignancy, Immobilization, Vit D Toxic, Granulomatous Dz, Thyrotoxicosis, Vit A Toxic

PTH nl/High (Dependent)&raquo_space; Cz is Primary/Tertiary HyperThyroid, Li, or Fam Hypo/HyperCa

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99
Q

RAIU >40%, DDx

A

Graves – Symmetrical
Toxic Goiter – Asymmetric
Toxic Node

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100
Q

Antithyroid Peroxidase Ab indicate

A

Hashimoto’s

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101
Q

Pt presents w/ Watery Diarrhea, Flushing, Pancreatic Tumor. Dx

A

VIPoma

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102
Q

Monitor DKA w/ this lab

A

Anion Gap

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103
Q

Pt has proximal muscle weakness and HyperThyrois Sx

A

Chronic HyperThyroid Myopathy

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104
Q

Neuroimaging shows cortical volume loss and enlarged ventricles. Pt most likely has this behavior disorder

A

Schizophrenia

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105
Q

Pt has a traumatic experience but is not ready to talk. Next step is to …

A

educate Pt on the range of reactions to trauma

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106
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for depression and difficulty w/ relationships.

A

Interpersonal

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107
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for pain disorders or physical Sx

A

Biofeedback

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108
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for substance abuse or bad habits

A

Motivational

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109
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for high fxn pt w/ personality disorder, Tx the subconcious

A

Psychodynamic

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110
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for Borderline Personality Disorder.

A

Dialectical

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111
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for lower fxn pt w/ psychosis or crisis

A

Supportive

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112
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for Depression

A

Cog/Behavioral

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113
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for GAD

A

Cog/Behavioral

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114
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for Eating Disorder

A

Cog/Behavioral

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115
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for PTSD

A

Cog/Behavioral

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116
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for Panic Disorder

A

Cog/Behavioral

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117
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for OCD

A

Cog/Behavioral

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118
Q

This type of psychotherapy is indicated for Negative Thought Pattern

A

Cog/Behavioral

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119
Q

Liver levels to suggest alcoholic liver disease

A

AST/ALT 2:1

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120
Q

Risk for C. Diff

A

> 65 yo
Abx use
Gastric Acid Suppression

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121
Q

Elevated Alk Phos indicates

A

extrahepatic, biliary tree

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122
Q

New IDA in elderly pt, next step is

A

Colonoscopy and endoscopy

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123
Q

Pulmonary nodular infiltrate with vegetation, IV drug user. Most likely Dx is

A

Infectious endocarditis d/t Staph Aureus

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124
Q

Tx for pasturella

A

PCN

125
Q

Holosystolic murmurs

A

VSD, TR, MR

126
Q

Chlamydia Conjunctivitis presents … after birth. Tx w/ ….

A

1-2 weeks

Oral Erythromycin

127
Q

Pt presents w/ impaired taste, rash, impaired healing, and alopecia. Dx…

A

Zinc Deficient

128
Q

Who gets PPSV23

A

<65yo w/ chronic condition or current smokers

129
Q

Taenia Solium is transmitted by

A

contaminated food, water, undercooked pork

130
Q

Pt presents w/ tach, dyspnea, Resp Alk, Hypoxia

A

Resp failure

131
Q

Pt has rest failure, fever, dry cough and is immune competent. CXR shows b/l infiltrates. LDH increased.

A

PCP Pneumonia

132
Q

Anti-mitachondrial Antibody

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

133
Q

Ursodeoxycholic Txs

A

Gallstones, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary sclerosis Cholangitis

134
Q

Common bugs travelers diarrhea

A

Giardia
ETEC
Crypto Parvum
Cyclospora

135
Q

Pt has Neuro, GI, Pulmonary Sx with HypoNa

Dx…

A

Legionella

136
Q

Pt with alcohol abuse and macrocytic anemia. MMA nl, Homocysteine elevated. Pt is deficient in…

A

Folate

137
Q

What do atypical antipsychotics, metoclopramide, droperidol, domperidone have in common

A

Anti Dopoamine – risk of EPS

138
Q

Pt w/ recent travel hads RUQ pain, Fever, Cyst in right Liver Lobe

A

E. Histo – Protozoan infection

139
Q

Restrictive Lung characteristics

A 
Dry Cough
O2 Low
CO2 Low
Ph High
Ground Glass on XR
140
Q

Obstructive Lung characteristics

A

Wet Cough
PO2 Low (early nl)
CO2 High
Ph Low

141
Q

Kussmaul Breathing

A

Short rapid breathing seen in DKA

142
Q

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing

A

Near Death Breathing – consistency pattern of apnea

143
Q

Biots Breathing

A

Irregular breathing w/ random apnea

144
Q

Hyponatremia + High Serum Osmo

Dx…

A

Renal Failure

Hyperglycemic

145
Q

Hyponatremia + Urine Osmo <100

Dx…

A

Primary Polydipsia

Malnutrition (Drinker Potomania)

146
Q

Most common cause of HyperNa is …

A

HyperVOL
Mild Tx w/ 5% Dextrose, 0.5 NS
Severe Tx w/ NS

147
Q

Pt w/ DM has Renal damage. First abnormality is …

First quantified damage is …

A

Glomerular Hyperfiltration

Glm BM Thickening

148
Q

Dx imaging for Kidney stones

A

Non-Contrast CT or U/S

149
Q

Persistant activation of Complement
BM deposits on EM
IF +C3

A

MPGN

150
Q

Most common HIV related kidney Damage

A

Focal Segmental

151
Q

Nephritic Syndromes

A

PIG ARM

Post Strep
IgA
Goodpasture
RPGN
MPGN
152
Q

Nephrotic Syndromes

A 
MGN
Focal Segmental
Min Change
SLE
Amyloidosis
Diabetic Nephropathy
153
Q

AA, Hispanic, Heroin, HIV, Obesity

Nephrotic Syndrome association…

A

FSGN

154
Q

HSV, Lipodystrophy

A

MPGN

155
Q

Lymphoma, NSAIDs

A

Min Change

156
Q

URTI

A

IgA Nephropathy

157
Q

Lupus, Hep B, NSAIDS, Adenocarcinoma

A

MGN

158
Q

Best screen for nephropathy

A

UA microalbuminuria

159
Q

Pt is prescribed a new drug and is also taking digoxin. You reduce the dose of digoxin by 25-50%, what drug was given to the patient

A

Amiodarone
Verapamil
Quindine
Propafenone

160
Q

Pt has a heart condition controlled by medication. Another drug is added and two weeks later the patient develops Neuro and GI Sx. What is the Dx?

A

Digoxin Toxicity

161
Q

Free floating bowel in utero
elevated AFP
thickened bowel lining

A

Gastroschisis – defect lateral to bowel wall

162
Q

Causes for elevated MS-AFP

A

Neural Tube Defect
Ventral Wall Defect
Mult Gestation

163
Q 
Low AFP
High hCG
High Inhibin A
Low Estriol
Dx...
A

Turner’s
Down Tri 21

“Turn it Down + say HI!”

164
Q

Low AFP
High hCG
Low Inhibin A
High Estriol

A

Edward’s Tri 18

“HE is Edward”

165
Q

High AFP
Normal hCG
Normal Inhibin A
Normal Estriol

A

Patau’s 13

Aww… F Patau!”

166
Q

Pt is in active labor and is given an epidural. Pt becomes lightheaded and BP drops d/t …

A

vasodilation and venous pooling from sympathetic blockade.

167
Q 
Thorencelntesis shows...
pH >7.4
PF/Serum Protein <50%
PF/Serum LDH <60%
LDH <60% of upper limit (<200)
Dx...
A

Transudate Pleural Effusion

168
Q

Best way to prevent post-op pneumonia

A

Incentive Spirometry

169
Q

Pt has CP and collapses. No pulse is felt. Next best action to allow best chance at survivability is…

A

Rhythm analysis and shock if necessary

170
Q

Pt has abdominal pain and orthostatic hypotension. Has N, V, and diffuse pain. Last BM was 3 days ago.
Dx…

A

SBO

171
Q

Most common location of ectopic foci that cause atrial fibrillation.

A

Pulmonary veins

172
Q

Tx for catonia

A

ECT or Benzo

173
Q

Neuromuscular agitation
AML
Autonomic Instability
Dx/Tx

A

Seretonin Syndrome, Tx w/ cyproheptadine

174
Q

Benztropine is used to Tx

A

EPS

175
Q

Pt presents w/ fever, leukocytosis and LUQ pain

A

Splenic Abcess

176
Q

Neonate w/ Triple Bubble, gasless colon, abdominal distention, bilious vomiting. Mom has Hx of cocaine abuse.
Dx…

A

Jejunum atresia

177
Q

Anti-Arrhythmic drugs that prolong the QRS complex at higher heart ratehigher

A

CLASS IC

Flecainide
Propafenone
Moricizine

178
Q

Meningitis cause by age
<3 mo …
3mo-10yo…
10yr +

A

BEL, HSV
N. Men, S. Pneumo
N. Men

179
Q

Pt >50yo w/ mult sites of pain along w/ elevated ESR
Dx…
Tx…

A

Poly Rheumatica

Low dose steroids

180
Q

Measurement bias

A

poor data collection

181
Q

Selection bias

A

Subjects are specifically selected for a group d/t a certain feature

182
Q

Observer bias

A

Observer has prior knowledge that influences the results

183
Q

Lead time bias

A

Earlier Dx w/o affecting outcome

184
Q

Recall bias

A

Subjects asked to remember previous exposures and outcomes

185
Q

Deletion of paternal chromosome 15q11, Dx…

A

Prader Willi

186
Q

When to cardiovert

A

SVT, A-fib, A-flutter, V-tach w/ pulse

187
Q

When to use defibrillation

A

V-tach w/o pulse, V-fib, Torsades

188
Q

Biolateral loss of sensory and pain reception, areflexia, weakness. Vibratory is intact.
Dx…

A

Arnold-Chiari 1 – Syringomyelia – Fluid filled cavity on spinal cord

189
Q

Spasms, cant open mouth, muscle stiffness and pain

A

C. Tetani

190
Q

Px predictor in CHF pts

A

sodium

191
Q

Tx of torsades

A

Stable: Mg Sulfate
Unstable: Shock

192
Q

drug indicated for PSVT

A

Adenosine

193
Q

Drug indicated for hyperkalemia

A

Ca Gluconate

194
Q

Tx for torsades + Quinidine use

A

Sodium Bicarb

195
Q

Abortive Migraine Tx

A 
NSAID
APAP
Triptan
Ergots
Anti-emetic
196
Q

Preventive Migraine Tx

A

Topiramate
TCA
Beta-Block
Divalproex

197
Q

holosystolic murmur at apex

A

MR

198
Q

papillary muscle rupture post MI occurs w/n …

A

2-7 days

199
Q

What is femitus

A

Vibration
Fluid = Increase
Air = Decreased

Proportional to Breath Sounds

200
Q

Inhalation of burning rubber or plastic may lead to this intoxication

A

CN

201
Q

Pt presents w/ Sx of CO poisoning but their membranes and skin are blue

A

Methemoglobinbinemia

202
Q

acute back pain and midline tenderness

A

vertebral fracture

203
Q

Med to Tx prolactinoma prior to surgery

A

Bromocriptine

Cabergoline

204
Q

Free of the disease if the test is negative

A

NPV (will vary depending on pretest probability)

205
Q

Have the disease if the test is positive

A

PPV

206
Q

b/l motor spasm paresis distal to injury,

A

Ant. Cord Syn

207
Q

b/l loss of sensory and vibration, common in MS and vascular injury.

A

Post Cord Syn

208
Q

Ipsilateral weakness, loss of vibration and proprioception

contralateral loss of pain and temp

A

Brown Sequard

209
Q

Pt has cirrhosis, portal HTN and fluid passage through diaphragmatic defects

A

Hepatic Hydrothorax

210
Q

Inflammation of the lacrimal sac

A

Dacryocystitis

211
Q

Dressler Syn

A

Fever
Pleuritic pain
Pleuritic Effusion
Pericarditis

212
Q

Osteomyelitis after punter through shoe

A

Pseudomonas

213
Q

3 causes of chronic dry cough

A

Nasal Drip
Asthma
GERD

214
Q

Generalizability

A

External Validity

Can it be applied to other cohorts

215
Q

Internal validity

A

applied to others of same group

216
Q

Mutated Filagrin

dry rough rash w/ no erythema or exudate

A

Ichthyosis vulgaris

217
Q

Mutated Filagrin

dry rough rash w/ no erythema or exudate

A

Ichthyosis vulgaris

218
Q

GI malformation
Short Thumb
Macules
Short stature

A

Fanconi Anemia

219
Q

Nephrotic syndrome associated w/ HBV

A

Membranous

220
Q

Nephrotic syndrome associate w/ minorities

A

MPGN

221
Q

Blisters, bull, scars, hypo/hyperpigmentation on sun exposed skin
Hx of HVC, Smoking, Etoh, Estrogen

A

Pophyria Cutanea Tarda

Tx w/ Phleb or hydroxychloroquine

222
Q

Sensory Pain and Temp

Ascend two levels then crosses&raquo_space; Thalamus&raquo_space; Parietal Lobe

A

Spinothalamic Tract

223
Q

Sensory Proprioception and Depth

Crosses Twice&raquo_space; Thalamus&raquo_space; Cerebellum

A

Spinocerebellar Tract

224
Q

Motor Inhibitory

Frontal Gyrus&raquo_space; Internal Capsule Genu&raquo_space; Cross at pyramids&raquo_space; Muscle

A

Corticospinal Tract

225
Q

Sensory 2pt, proprioception, vibration and position

Ascend&raquo_space; Cross at pyramids Thalamus&raquo_space; Parietal Lobe

A

Dorsal Columns

226
Q

Lateral Pontine Syndrome
Ipsilateral fascial paralysis
Hearing loss
Occlusion at …

A

AICA – CN 7 + 8

227
Q 
Lateral Medullary Syndrome
Ipsilateral limb ataxia
Ipsilateral Horners
Dysphagia
Occlusion at ...
A

PICA (Wallenburg)– Cerebellar Peduncles, Descend Hypothalamic, Nucleus Ambigus

228
Q

Medial Medullary Syndrome
Contralateral spastic hemiparesis
Tongue deviates to side
Occlusion at …

A

Vertebral Artery – CN 12, Pyramids

229
Q

Median Midbrain Syndrome
Contralateral Spastic Hemiparesis of Arm
Lower Face paralysis
Occlusion at …

A

PCA (Weber) – CST, Corticobulbar

230
Q

FTT, Hypoglycemia, Hepatomegaly, Ketosis

G6P Dysfxn

A

Von Gierke

Type I

231
Q

<2yo, Cardiopulmonary Failure

Lysosomal Alpha-1,4-Glucosidase Dysfxn

A

Pompei

Type II

232
Q

FTT, Hypoglycemia, Hepatomegaly, Ketosis

Amyl-1,6-Glucosidase Dysfxn

A

Cori

Type III

233
Q

<2yo Liver Cirrhosis and failure

Branching 1,4»1,6 Enzymme Dysfxn

A

Anderson

Type IV

234
Q

Cant exercise, Muscle cramps

Phosphorylase Dysfxn

A

McArdle

Type V

235
Q

NNT Equation

A

1/ARR

236
Q

NNH Equation

A

1/AR

237
Q

Relative Risk Equation

A

PPV/VPN

238
Q

Relative Risk Reduction Equation

A

1-RR

239
Q

Attributive RiskEquation

A

PPV-VPN

240
Q

Absolute Risk Reduction Equation

A

VPN-PPV

241
Q

Likelihood Ratio Equation +

A

Sen/1-Spec = TP/FP = a/b

242
Q

Likelihood Ratio Equation -

A

1-Sen/Spec = TN/FN = d/c

243
Q

Pt complains of tense and tender limb post burn. Eschar from a 3rd degree burn present
Dx…

A

Vascular compromise d/t Acute Compartment Syndrome

244
Q

Pt presents w/ HA, Nausea, Eye Pain, Eye is red and mid-diaated. Not reactive to light.
Test and Dx…

A

Tonometry

Acute Angle Glaucoma

245
Q

Pts with mono should abstain from contact sports for …

A

min 3 wks

246
Q

Tx hoarding disorder w/ …

A

CBT

247
Q

Forms of Anabolic Steroids

A 
Testosterone
Boldenone
Trenbolone
Stanozolol
Nandrolone
248
Q

Following heparin therapy, PLTs drop by 50% or a thrombus occurs w/n 10 days

A

HIT

249
Q

Role of Beta hcG is…

A

Maintenance of the corpus luteum

250
Q

Tx for chorioamnionitis

A

Abx and Expedited Delivery

251
Q

Foley catheter produces frank blood post MVA

A

Pelvic fracture w/ extraperitoneal bladder damage

252
Q

Post cold knife conization, the best way to determine preterm risk is …

A

Vag U/S

253
Q

Short cervix defined as …

A

Hx of preterm labor: <2.5 cm

No Hx of preterm labor: <2.0 cm

254
Q

Tx for short cervix …

A

Hx of Preterm: Progesterone then Cerclage

No Hx of Preterm: Vag Progesterone

255
Q

HIV Pt presents w/ dull TM that is hypomobile. No exudate, fever, chills, HA.
Dx…

A

Non-Infection Serous Otitis Media

256
Q

Baby is tachypneic and cyanotic at rest. Worse w/ feeding, improves w/ crying. Dx…

A

Choanal Atresia

257
Q

Neonate presents w/ hoarse cry, jaundice, large tongue , decreased activity. Tone is normal. TSH Increased, T4 decreased. Dx…

A

Congenital hypothyroid d/t Thyroid Dysgenesis.

258
Q

Neonate premie presents w/ hydrocephalus sx. MCC is …

A

Intraventricular Hemorrhage

259
Q

Major complications of mumps

A

Aseptic Meningitis and Orchitis

260
Q

Hernia inferior to Inguinal ligament and medial to the femoral artery

A

Femoral

261
Q

Hernia medial to inf epigastric vessels

A

Direct

262
Q

Hernia lateral to inf epigastric vessels

A

Indirect

263
Q

Pt can’t lift arms after acute asthma attack and Tx. Immediately check …

A

Electriolyte panal for hypokalemia

264
Q

Pt w/ acute appy Sx. Next step…

A

Lap surgery

265
Q

Pt is an athlete and has a popping in the knee w/ rapid edema. Joint aspiration is bloody. Dx…

A

ACL tear

266
Q

Tx for Essential Tremor

A

Beta-Blocker&raquo_space; Primidone/Topiramate&raquo_space; Benzo

267
Q

Allergic Rhinitis Tx

A

Intranasal Corticosteroid

268
Q

Pt presents w/ 2nd Amenorrhea, Beta HCG is negative. Next test …

A

Prolactin, TSH, Testosterone, FSH

269
Q

Pt has syncope, chest pain, neck pain, pericardial effusion, and widened mediastinum. Next step …

A

CT Angiography to r/o aortic dissection

270
Q

Menopausal pt w/ ovarian cyst, next step …

A

U/S and Ca-125

271
Q

Trisomy 18 heart defects

A

VSD, ASD, PDA

272
Q

Infant sinus/pulmonary infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

A

Wiskott-Aldrich

273
Q

X-linked Agammagloblinemia

A

All Ig is low

274
Q

MCC of urinary tract obstruction that leads to Potter Sequence

A

Post Urethral Valves

275
Q

Tx for NMS

A

Dantrolene

Bromocriptine

276
Q

Tx for NMS

A

Dantrolene

Bromocriptine

277
Q

Biphasic stridor in infant that improves w/ neck extension

A

Vascular Ring/Sling

278
Q

Pt with precocious puberty, first test …

A

Bone Age

279
Q

Tay-Sach Sx

A

Red macula
Diminished motor milestones
Hyperreflexia
Beta-Hexosaminadase A Deficient

280
Q

Niemann Pick Sx

A 
Red Macula
Loss of motor milestone
Areflexia
Hepatosplenomegaly
Sphingomyelinase Deficient
281
Q 
Lysosomal Hydrolase Deficient 
Course face
Hernia
Cataracts
Hepatosplenomegaly
A

Hurler

282
Q

Gaucher Sx

A

Glucocerebrosidase Deficient
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Hepatosplenomegaly

283
Q

Krabbe Sx

A

Galactocerebrosidase Deficient
Hypotonia
Loss of milestone
Areflexia

284
Q

Increased risk of placenta abruption increases the risk of this bleeding pathology

A

DIC

285
Q

Meaning of neonate intrauterine acceleration, deceleration

A

VEAL CHOP

Variable = Cord compression
Early = Head compression
Acceleration = Okay!
Late = Placental Insuff.
286
Q

Abdominal pain w/ Hip Extension

A

Psoas Sign

287
Q

Pt w/ Ptosis. Ice pack test may help Dx …

A

MG

288
Q

Rx to facilitate passage of a stone

A

Tamsulosin

289
Q

ALS Rx…

A

Riluzole

290
Q

MG pt cant swallow, mcc …

A

thyoma

291
Q

First line considerations in acute incontinence in the elderly

A

DIAPPERS

Delirium
Infection
Atrophy
Pharm
Psychologic
Excessive urine
Restricted mobility
Stool Impaction
292
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis involves the … joints

Morning stiffness lasts …

A

MCP

>1hr

293
Q

Osteoarthritis involves the … joints of the hands

Morning stiffness lasts …

A

DIPS and PIPS

<1hr

294
Q

Pt arrives during July in AZ and presents w/ Syncope, Sweating, Nausea, Vomiting, Cramps, Weak pulse

A

Heat Exhaustion

Cool Pt

295
Q

Pt arrives during July in AZ and presents w/ HA, Fever >104, Dry skin, Nausea, Vomiting, Strong pulse, loses consciousness

A

Heat Stroke

Seek immediate attention

296
Q

Calcium affect on body systems

A 
High = Slows Down
Low = Speeds UP
297
Q

Bugs that cause osteomyelitis in children

A

S. Aures

Salmonella

298
Q

Pt in active labor. When is “arrested labor”

A

No change in dilation/station w/n 4 hrs w/ regular contractions. W/n 6 hr w/ irregular contractions.

299
Q

Acute psychosis in children. Consider …

A

Substance abuse

Wilsons Dz

300
Q

Thyroid nodule is found. Next step?

A

TSH, U/S

301
Q

Pt Tx w/ Chemo/Rad for Hodgkin Lymphoma years prior. Now presents w/ various Sx … Dx

A

2nd malignancy of Lung, Bone, Breast, Thyroid, GI

302
Q

Upper motor dysfxn sx

A

Hyperreflexia, Hypertonicity, Babinski +, Spastic

303
Q

Lower motor dysfxn sx

A

Wasting, Weakness, Fasciculations, Areflexia

304
Q

Tx for acute alcohol w/d

A

Benzo

305
Q

CP improves w/ nitro. Spontaneous pain to hot and cold foot. Food regurge. Dx Test…

A

Esophageal motility study for esophageal spasm

306
Q

Pt w/ HTN and DM has sudden onset double vision, Ptosis w/ no other findings. MCC …

A

Nerve ischemia

307
Q

First line HTN med for preggo

A

Beta Blocker
CCB
Hydralazine
Methyldopa

308
Q

Emergency contraception pill

A

Ulipristal > Levonogestrel

309
Q

Systolic Murmur w/ wide S2 split

A

Pulm Stenosis

COMLEX Level 2 (8 decks)

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