Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AMC Key > Mixed > Flashcards

Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

STEMI

A

<90 mins: PCI
If not feasible: Thrombolytic Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Contraindications for Thrombolytic rx

A

Previous ICB
BP > 180/110
Recent major surgery
Aboriginal ( Antibody+ to streptokinase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dual antiplatelet duration post PCI

A

12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Prognostic FX for systolic heart failure

A

Raised JVP+ S3 gallop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

A

Indirect bilirubin
Decreased haptoglobin
LDH elevated
Schistocytes on PBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HUS
Shiga toxin

A

Renal symptoms predominant with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

von Wiilebrand disease

A

Autosomal dominant
Bleeding 🩸 time increased
Normal platelet
vWF Ag: low in type 1
PTT normal/high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

vWD rx

A

DDAVP
Factor VIII 8 concentrate
Platelet transfusion only in severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Best initial study for oropharyngeal/motility related dysphagia

A

Barium study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypocalcemia Mx

A

Based on symptoms √
•sympromatic : IV Calcium gluconate
Based on levels ✓
•less than 1.9 : IV Ca gluconate
> 1.9: oral calcium+ vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SCFE
Rx

A

Stop weight bearing
Gentle reduction with pinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cocaine vs smoking
Effects on foetus

A

Cocaine No anomaly but IVH
Smoking cause anomalies such as IUGR, GI malformations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Postural hypotension
Test

A

Initial supine and standing BP:
Less than 10 bpm increased and hypotension: autonomic
+ table tilt test
> 30bpm and hypotension: hypovolemia
> 30bpm increased, NO hypotension: POTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Commonest cause of obstructive jaundice

A

Stone
Periampullary Tumor: head of the pancreas commonest
Strictures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Open wound #
CARATXO

A

Clean wound
Analgesia
Reduction by traction
Antibiotics
Tetanus prophylaxis
Xray
Operation theatre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

OCP with antiepileptics

A

Stop the OCP and use condom
IUCD or Depot MPA
If refused to discontinue OCP:
✓Increase the dose
✓Tricycle phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Implanon, ocp

A

Not advised for patients on antiepileptics as it’s enzyme inducers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

GBS bacteruria
Vs GBS vaginal swab

A

Bacteruria:Needs treatment (by order wise)
Cephalexin
Nitrofurantoin
Augmentin
Vaginal: normal colonisation, no need Rx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GBS bacteruria but asymptomatic

A

Asymptomatic bacteruria needs Abx!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

AV block

A

1: constant pr
2: type 1: pr longer longer drop
Type 2: pr constant & drop
3 constant P-P and constant Q-Q

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

VT pulse +
Hemodynamic unstable

A

Cardioversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

JVP normal physiological response

A

Expiratory: rise
Inspiration: drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pericarditis

A

Reverse in JVP, expiratory: drop inspiration: rise Kussmaul sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pericarditis
ECG ∆

A

Diffuse ST elevation
Pr depression in lead 1 especially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

TCA toxicity

A

Widening qrs complex
Prolonged qt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Kussmaul sign

A

Seen in constrictive pericarditis
✓JVP reversed
✓Edema
✓Congestive hepatomegaly
✓Ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Patient missed his CHF medications, comes back with hypervolemic sx

A

Initial: ace (-) to reduce after load
Diuretics to improve symptoms
NOT to give beta blockers yet. To be given once euvolemic only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

EF reduced/ systolic dysfunction
Hypervolemic

A

Ace -/ARB
MRA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

EF reduced/systolic dysfunction
Euvolemic

A

Ace (-) / ARB
Diuretics or MRA
B- blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Preserved EF/diastolic dysfunction

A

Beta blockers
CCB
Diuretics: in congestion cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

HOCM

A

Echo 1st
Rx: beta blockers + verapamil+ dispyramide
Catheter with alcohol to infarct septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Bradycardia

A

Asymptomatic: reassurance
Symptomatic: initial: IV atropine 1st line 0.6 mg then 0.5mg every-5 mins
IV adrenaline infusion: 2nd line
In ED: temporary pacing with percutaneous or IV pacemaker
Elective permanent pacemaker later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

AV block
Best initial

A

Transcutaneous Pacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

PSVT symptomatic young man

A

1st choice: adenosine
2nd: verapamil
3rd: beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

AF Stable without decompensated HF:

A

Beta blockers 1st choice
Add Digoxin of not well controlled
Flecainide for rhythm control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

AF with decompensated HF

A

Digoxin initial choice
Avoid beta blockers !!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

AAA surveillance

A

3-3.9 : 24 mth
4- 4.5: 12 mth
4.6- 5: 6 mth
> 5: 3 mth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

AAA indication for surgery

A

> 1cm /year
Male> 5.5
Female> 5.0
Symptomatic
Thoracic> 6.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Acute limb ischemia
Most common Cause?

A

Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Acute limb ischemia
Post embolectomy mx

A

Heparin initiated, then bridging with Warfarin. Once INR of 2-3 achieved, omit heparin
Warfarin for 6 months
*Cardiac origin emboli needs lifelong treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Perioperative high mod low risk for VTE prophylaxis

A

Q142
Medical high risk: CASHSTD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

AF asymptomatic

A

Aspirin 1st
CHA2DS2 VASc
For Warfarin or NOAC if =/>2
Others eg b blockers if Symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Ace (-) , smoking cessation, statin

A

ABI< 0.9
For <0.4 : urgent referral to vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Dazzling with sunlight

A

Cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Needle stick injury
Patient status unknown
Medical personnel not immunised

A

Ivig+ 3 dose hepatitis B vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Colonoscopy
Asymptomatic

A

Cat 1: ifobt every 2 yrs from 45
Cat 2: ifobt every 2 yrs from 40
Cat 3: ifobt every 2 yrs from 35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Cat 2
Cat 3
Asymptomatic

A

Colonoscopy every 5 yrs
Low dose aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Definition of category in colon cancer

A

Cat 1 ✓1fdr or 1 FDR +;1 SDR> 55
Cat 2 ✓1fdr <55 or 2 FDR any age
✓1fdr +2fdr any age
Cat. ✓3fdr or 3sdr ( at least 1 before 55)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Parvovirus monitoring in exposed pregnant women

A

IgG and IgM
If both negative: repeat in 2 weeks
IgG+ IgM - : immune mother ,no need follow up
IgG - IgM + :infected
IgG + IgM+ : recent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Parvovirus+

A

1-2 weekly USG for 6-12 weeks look for hydrops
If seen, for umbilical cord sampling and intrauterine blood transfusion may be required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Hemochromatosis
Ix

A

Iron studies: high ferritin, high transfering saturation> 50%
If 1° : gene studies: HFE gene testing
Liver biopsy or CT scan ( Ferriscan) : iron deposits seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Hemochromatosis
Rx

A

Phlebotomy: weekly then 4l3-4 monthly
✓done prior to liver cirrhosis, good outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Lithium
Action
Cautions:

A

Modulation of phosphoinostitol pathway
Nephrogenic DI, thyroid, CKD , Ebstein anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Valproic acid
Action
Cautions

A
  • Na channel
    Transaminitis, pancreatitis , neural tube and cardiac anomalies, PLT low
55
Q

Lamotrigine
Actions
Cautions

A

Glutamate inhibition
Steven Johnson syndrome SJS

56
Q

Carbamazepine
Actions
Cautions

A

Na channel inhibition
Agranulocytosis, SIADH, enzyme inducer

57
Q

Hemangioma liver

A

✓Most common cause hyperechoic mass on USG
✓CT : hypodense : arterial phase shows uniform enhancement peripherallu

58
Q

Restrictive lung disease

A

FVC affected
FEV1 normal

59
Q

Obstructive lung disease

A

FVC : NOT 🚫 affected
FEV1: affected

60
Q

FEV1/FVC LOW

A

Obstructive lung

61
Q

Normal FEV1/FVC ratio

A

0.75 - 0.85

62
Q

Ipratropium

A

Used in acute exacerbations if not relieved by Salbutamol
0-5 yes: 4 puffs 250mcg neb
6-12: 8 puffs 500mcg neb

63
Q

Exercise induced asthma

A

Montelukast

64
Q

BiPAP or CPAP I’m COPD

A

Used if Venturi mask doesn’t help to increase oxygen to paO2 = 60mmhg

65
Q

Split S2

A

Seen in AS & MR

66
Q

AS

A

Elderly, calcified valve
Split S2
Best heard at apex (mimic MR)
Stenotic and calcified valve may cause diastolic murmur at left upper sternal edge

67
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Atypical, Headache,malaise, cough
CXR: bilateral patchy infiltrates
Rx: Doxycycline 100mg BD 10 to 14 days

68
Q

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Sx
Rx

A

Sudden onset after few hours of exposure to allergen, fever cough, breathlessness, crackles om auscultation
Allergen: mould hay( farmers lungs), bird 💩
Rx: Avoid allergen, steroids

69
Q

Interstitial lung disease
What
Sx
Ix

A

✓Heterogeneous lung conditions progression to restrictive lung disease
✓sob, dyspnoea,slow course,dry cough, clubbing
✓ x-ray reticonodular(ground glass)
HRCT : honeycomb

70
Q

Mesothelioma
What?
Ix?
Rx?

A

✓Recurrent pleural effusions, weight loss,
✓Cancer of pleural wall
✓Thoracoscopic plural biopsy
✓palliative care

71
Q

Can Patient with Previous LSCS go for breech delivery?

A

Contraindicated !!!

72
Q

Common cause of LSCS in Australia

A

Past hx of LSCS

73
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

IV fluids with metaclopramide
Ondansetron reserved for recurrent cases, hx admission for hyperemesis , not responding to metaclopramide

74
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Name answered: excess serotonin so GI sx predominant diarrhea and CNS sx clonus , hyperreflexia
Common : fever , tachycardia, hpt

75
Q

Colon tumor general sx

A

Right sided: anemia,fatigue,
Left sided: rectal bleeding, altered bowel habits

76
Q

Acute cholangitis

A

Initial Rx: IV fluids+IV abx

77
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

✓Neuroleptics: antipsychotic
✓fever , tachycardia hpt
✓Rigidity , WBC, CK high
✓

78
Q

Scoliosis
Causes?
Sx?
Rx?

A

Idiopathic 75% : child < 10yrs ; adolescent> 10yrs
Non operative
20°: 6 mth r/v
20°-40°: bracing
Surgery:
> 50°

79
Q

Risperidone
Side effects
Rx

A

✓Galactorrhoea (hyperprolactinemia)
✓ weaning & switch to Quetiapine

80
Q

Adjustment Disorder
Main sx ( compared to PTSD)

A

✓Intensity of stressor isn’t bad as PTSD
✓No re-experiecing traumatic event
✓within 3.mth of onset of stressor
✓significant impairment of occupational functioning

81
Q

Prodromal Schizophrenia
Onset
1st symptom
Early prodrome of psychosis
SX of Early prodrome
SX of late prodrome

A

✓4 years from pre psychotic prodrome of psychosis
✓Recurrent depression SX
1-2 yrs before psychotic SX occurs:
✓Loss of motivation
✓Social isolation
Late prodrome :
✓paranoid ideation
✓odd beliefs

82
Q

Chronic insomnia
Def
Rx

A

> 4 weeks
CBT

83
Q

Acute insomnia

A

BZD: Temazepam
BZD receptor agonists: zolpidem
( no tolerance or dependence)

84
Q

OCD

A

CBT, response & exposure, SSRI

85
Q

Delirium tremens

A

Diazepam

86
Q

Age onset of depression < 25, family HX of Bipolar, psychomotor retardation

A

Bipolar depression

87
Q

% of risk of Schizophrenia in children

A

Both parents +: 45%
One parent: 13%
NONE: 1%

88
Q

Olanzapine
Side effects

A

Increase risk of type 2 DM
and Triglycerides level
But normal serum cholesterol level

89
Q

Capgras Syndrome

A

Known as delusional misidentification syndrome.
False belief close person has been replaced by some identical looking impostor

90
Q

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

A

OCD, BPD, avoidant personality

91
Q

CBT

A

Depression, phobia, schizo, anxiety

92
Q

Consent from Mental Health Tribunal
Vs
Consent form higher authority/without consent under duty of care
For ECT

A

ECT for depressed , with refused Rx and not taking anything orally but stable
Vs
Depressed, hemodynamic unstable poor intake , dehydration

93
Q

Laurence Moon Biedl
Sx
Rx

A

✓Autosomal recessive
✓Obesity,mental retardation, polydactyly, retinitis pigmentosa, hypogonadism
✓No treatment 😭

94
Q

SSRI and aspirin interaction

A

Higher risk of bleeding
TCA is preferred antidepressant for these patients

95
Q

DIGFAST 4/7
Fun for 1 week
Mania

A

Distracted
Impulsive
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Appetite
Sleep
Talkative

96
Q

DIGFAST
3/7
No mania or psychosis

A

Hypomania

97
Q

Positive psychotic symptoms
Rx

A

Typical antipsychotics
Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine

98
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Rx

A

Atypical antipsychotics
Risperidone
Olanzapine

99
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

A

R O C A Q A
A : Aripiprazole and Amisulpride

100
Q

Immature defence mechanism

A

Projection

101
Q

TCA
Side effects

A

Anticholinergic side effects
Atropine like

102
Q

ECT
Mentally incapacitated ?
Vs
Voluntary for Rx and capable mentally?

A

✓Refer mental health tribunal
Vs
✓2 doctor: 1 of them psychiatrist agree for ECT

103
Q

Patient on long term hypnotic for insomnia.
When suitable to continue further?

A

✓aware he/she dependent on it
✓No adverse events to the medicine
✓Reduction program unsuccessful
✓Reduction program was against the patient’s wish

104
Q

Break off relationship
Lonely
> 3mths of exposure to stressor
Lasts upto 6 mth

A

Adjustment Disorder

105
Q

Grief

A

Usually LOSS of someone or property

106
Q

USG findings of chronic pancreatitis
Remember calcification*

A

pancreatic duct calcifications, ductal dilation, enlargement of the pancreas and fluid collection.

107
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome features

A

Small teeth and faulty enamel

108
Q

Transient synovitis
Rx

A

First rest and then analgesia

109
Q

Hypoglycemia in child

A

glucose is with a bolus of intravenous dextrose 10%, 2.5 to 5 mL/Kg followed by 0.03 to 0.05 mL/Kg/minute until the patient is stable.

110
Q

IV Dextrose 50% not given to child

A

High serum osmolarity and death

111
Q

Fat embolism

A

24 to 72 hours after the insult, and involve lungs, brain and skin,

112
Q

1° spontaneous pneumothorax

A

<15% : observe r/V in 24 hrs
> 15% : needle aspiration
If > 3L\symptomatic/distance chest wall and pleura > 2cm : chest tube+ underwater seal

113
Q

2° spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Need admit
<15° : needle aspiration
> 15° : chest tube+ underwater seal

114
Q

Traumatic pneumothorax

A

<15°: observe
> 15° : chest tube+ underwater seal

115
Q

UTI in male less than 35 sexually active
Organism

A

Chlamydia

116
Q

UTI in children/male > 35

A

E.coli other coliform organism

117
Q

Cushing
Causes?
Test?

A

✓Pituitary ACTH 70%, adrenal 15%, ACTH peptide from lung10%,
1mg dexamethasone suppression
24hr urinary cortisol
Serum ACTH
High dose suppression
MRI, petrous venous sampling

118
Q

Cushing
SX?
Rx?

A

Psychosis,poor concentration
HPT
ED in male, irregular menses
Moon facies, buffalo hump
Hyperglycemia, polyuria
Osteoporosis

119
Q

Most important test for azoospermia
Hormone tested?
Level ?

A

FSH
2.5 times or more increase in serum FSH level indicates irreversible testicular failure. FSH is the most important endocrine test inassessment of male infertility.

120
Q

Occult GI bleeding

A

Active, hemodynamic stable: CTA
Inactive, minimal bleeding: capsular endoscopy

121
Q

Life threatening GI bleeding

A

Interventional angiography

122
Q

CKD patients with pulmonary embolism
Rx

A

Unfractioned heparin

123
Q

Cervical motion tenderness +

A

Ectopic pregnancy or PID
Ectopic pregnancy: transvaginal ultrasound
PID: cervical swab

124
Q

Jaundice, wt loss, abd mass
Initial ix

A

USG

125
Q

Abd pain, wt loss, no jaundice
Initial ix?

A

CT scan

126
Q

Oral bisphosphonates

A

✓< -2.5 dexa scan
✓< -1.5 with minimal
traumafracture
✓Age> 70 yrs old
✓On daily steroid > 7.5mg/day

127
Q

Sickle cell disease

A

Autosomal recessive
Bone infarction main symptom
HbS mutated
Vaso occlusive crisis or hemolysis under stress i.e hypoxia, dehydration, acidosis
Renal
Spleen
Gall bladder
Femoral head AVN
Rx: IV fluid, oxygen, pain relief
Exchange transfusion, blood transfusion, BM transplant
Hydroxyurea

128
Q

INR
Bleeding 🩸

A

> 1.5 life threatening: vit K+ prothrombinex+ FFP
2 significant bleed but not life threatening: vitamin K+ prothrombinex/ FFP ( if prothrombinex NA)
Any INR with minimal bleeding: omit Warfarin, observe for 1 day and see INR is within therapeutic range
If high risk of bleeding , vitamin K to be given esp INR> 4.5

129
Q

INR above therapeutic range
No bleeding
Stop Warfarin

A

INR < 4.5: omit Warfarin, observe INR into therapeutic range, give reduced dose
INR > 4.5-10: omit Warfarin, vitamin K, observe INR into therapeutic range,
INR > 10:

130
Q

Fibroadenoma> 3 cm

A

Remove

131
Q

Fibroadenoma
Age> 40

A

Remove biopsy

132
Q

Polycythemia vera 4P
Pruritic, plethora, pressure, phlebotomy

A

Mutations Jak 2
RBC excessive amount
Hyperviscosity
Plethoric
Pruritus after shower

133
Q

Budd Chiari

A

Normal albumin
Elevated liver enzymes
Obstruction at hepatic vein
Abd pain ascites

134
Q

COVID

A

Asymptomatic
Mild
Mod: viral pneumonia
Severe: spo2 < 94 lung > 50%
Critical : resp failure,,mods

AMC Key (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions