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PAEDS SC1 > MIX STUFF > Flashcards

MIX STUFF Flashcards

1
Q

Evoked oto acoustic emission

A

USED in new borns

looks at the cochlear function and if its nromal

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2
Q

Auditory brainstem response (ABR)

A

series of auditory stimuli - computed analysis of EEG waveforms

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3
Q

Age for distraction test

A

7-9 months

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4
Q

visual reinforcemnet audiometry

A

10-18 months

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5
Q

Discrimination test

A

18 - 4 months

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6
Q

When can u do audiometry

A

greater than 4 years

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7
Q

SHOCK

A 
Early vs. LATE 
Early 
- increase - heart and lung  
- Skin - decrease skin tugor, mottled , pale and cold  
- Sunken - eyes and fontelle 
- decrease urine output 
Late 
- ACIDOSIS - kusmaual brething 
- BRADYCARDIA 
Hypotensive 
Confusion
Blue pheriphery 
NO URINE OUTPUT
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8
Q

status epilepticus treatment

A

we know this is a seziure or multiple sezirues greater than 30 minutres or longer
Lorazepam IV or diazepam PR or midoazolam buccal
Paraldehyde in 10 minutes
Phenytonin
Phenobarbital
Thiopental
PCIU

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9
Q

what do you do if development is abnormal you want to

A

check bone age

pelvic ultrasound

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10
Q

what does short stature mean

A

2 centile below the normal height

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11
Q

Genetiic target centile

A

mean of the mom and dad THEN
Boys - + 7 cm (+/- 10cm)
Girls - 7cm (+/- 8.5cm

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12
Q

What thyroid condition causes short stature

A

Automimmune thyroiditis - growth failur and wieght gain

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13
Q

What chronic illness and chromosomal illness cuase short starture

A

Chomosomal

  • Turners
  • Downs
  • noon
  • Russell Silver Syndrome

Chronic
- celiac
chrons and
chronic renal failure

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14
Q

Laron syndrome

A

this is EXTREME short stature
Laron-type dwarfism, is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an insensitivity to growth hormone (GH), usually caused by a mutant growth hormone receptor.
TREAT WITH IGF-1 (expensive but works)

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15
Q

abnormality in the SHOX

A

(short stature homobox) - located at the X chromosome and leads to short stature with skeletal abnormalities
Tuners - one SHOX MISSIN
Klienfielters - one additional SHOX - talller

You get one copy from each of your parents

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16
Q

syndromes ass . w/ tall stature

A 
long legged tall stature 
Merphan syndrom 
Homocystinuria 
klienfelters Syndrome 
Portionate tall stature at birth - marphans, hyperinsulinesim , beckwidt 
Sotos syndrome
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17
Q

Sotos syndrome

A

Large head and neck
facial characteristic
learning difficulties

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18
Q

secondary cause of tall stature

A

Hyperthyroidism
Excess sex steroids - percious puberty
Excess adrenal steroids
True Giatism (excess GH steroid)

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19
Q

when does posterior fontelle close

A

8 weeks

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20
Q

when does anterior fontelle close

A

12 - 18 months

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21
Q

causes of microcephaly

A 
below the 2nd centile 
-FAMILIA 
AR 
CONGENITAL INFECTION 
AQUIRED INSULT _ CP and seziure
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22
Q

MACROCEPHALY

A 
tall stature 
FAmiliaal 
Increase ICP 
Hydrocephalus 
Chronic subdural heamatoma 
Cerebral tumor 
NF 
Sotos syndrome 
CNS storage disorder (hurler syndrome
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23
Q

Assymetrical heads

A

Skull assymetry - results from an imblance

plagiocephaly - flat base from lying on head

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24
Q

Causes of prenicious puberty

A

GT dependent - central / true

  • Idiopathic / familial
  • CNS abnormalities (congenital, post irraiation, infection, sx or tumor )
  • hypothyroidism
GT non dependent 
- ovarian 
- testicular 
exogenous sex steroids 
Adrenal disease
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25
Q

Treatment of prenicious puberty

A

GNRH dependent - GNRH analgous

GNRH independent - medoxyprogesterone , cypoterone acetate , testolactone , ketoconazole

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26
Q

age of premature breast development

A

6moths - 12 years

27
Q

Adrenarche

A

Premature pubarche - BEFORE THE AGE of 8

28
Q

Causes of delayed puberty

A 
CONSTITUTIONAL 
LOW GNRH sections 
     Systemic  
- CF , asthma , Chorns , organ failure 
     HPA AXIS 
- panhypothyroidsm, isolated GH decreased, intercrnial tumor and kallamn syndrome 
     AQUIRED 
HIGH GNRH SECTION 
- leinfelters and tuners 
- Steroids hormone or exzyme decrease 
Aquired
29
Q

Treatment

A

MALEs
oxandrolone (steroid)
low dose IM testosterone

FEmales - estradiol

30
Q

MARASMUS

A
31
Q

KWASHIOKOR

A

severe protein malnutrition w/ generalized edam
- weight might not be severely reduced

- RASH - w/ hyperkeratosis 
Distended abdomen and enlarged liver 
Hair - spares and depigmented 
Diarrhea and hypoththermia and bradycardia
Angular stomatitis 
Low plasma albumin and glucose
32
Q

labs of rickets

A

calcium decrease or normal
decrease phosphorus
INCREASE alk phosphate
Decrease 25 hydroxy D

33
Q

Xray of rickets

A

Shows cupping
Fraying of the metaphysis
Widening o epiphyseal plate

34
Q

clinical vitamin A

A 
Complication of fat malabsorption 
Clinical 
- blindness 
eye damage (xerophthalmia - progress from ulceration to scarring 
Increase risk of infection

Treat HIGH DOSE vitA

35
Q

failure to thrieve

A

fals across 2 centile lines

weight below 0.4centile

36
Q

Dennie morgan folds

A

Fold below lower eyelid seen in allergies

37
Q

how fast does a food allergy come on

A

TYPE 1 - IgE - fast –> 10-15 minutes

38
Q

Causes of dealth in adolescent

A

INJURY and POISONING - 60%

Cancer 10%

39
Q

what percentage of adolescent use contraception 1st time in intercourse

A

1/2

40
Q

Organism for meningitis

A

Neonate - 3 months
- Group B strep
- Listeria
E.coli

1 month - 6 year

  • N.meningitis
  • Strep pneumo
  • h.influnza

> 6 years

  • n. meningitis
  • strep pneumonia
41
Q

Labs for bacterial vs. viral infection vs. TB

A

Bacterial
- turbid CSF , increase polymorphs , Increase protein and decrease glucose

Viral
- clear CSF , increase lymphocytes, normal or Increase protein and normal glucose

TB
- trubid or clear CSF, high lymphocytes HIGH protein and LOW glucose

42
Q

Criteria for Toxic Shock

A 
Staphyloccouus or GAS 
FEVER > 39 
Hypotension 
Diffuse Erythma 
macula rash
43
Q

treatment of impitigo

A

MUPIROCIN

44
Q

chicken pox complication

A

Necrotizing facititis

45
Q

Person with chicken pox who fever goes away and then comes back

A

think

2ndary bacterial infection

46
Q

Age of RTA

A

5-9 and they are usually due to the children being the pedestrians

47
Q

number 1 cause of death 1-14 years old

A

accidents and posioning

48
Q

head injury in kids

A

Since their sutures have no fused –> if they get a extraadural or subdural bleed BEFORE neuro symptoms
THEREFORE you will get a decrease hb and child becomes shocked

49
Q

number 1 cause of burns in children

A

House fires

50
Q

Scalds

A

child are scaled at lower temps bC skin is THIN

51
Q

Treatment of burns

A
  1. calculate the surface area of the burn -2. morphine - pain
    treat shock with IV fluids - plasma exchange
    Wound care - cover in CLING FILM - decrease infection
    TENTUS
    Removal of dead tissue and replace sterile dressing
  2. plastics
52
Q

Drowing in kids - who is more at risk

A

3 X more in MALES than girls
Babies - bath
Tolders - pools and lacks
Older - pool, lakes , ssea

53
Q

What type of water is better for near drowning

A

HYPOTHERMIA water is better because it prevents hypoxic brain injury
(no diffence b/w fresh or salt water)

54
Q

Chocking what to do

A

Cough - encourage - check airway
No cough - unconcious - open airway
concious - 5 back thrust and 5 thurst
older - heimleck

55
Q

treatment of dog bites

A

CO - AMOXICLAV

56
Q

treatmet of lead posioning

A

D - penicillinase

EDTA - severe

57
Q

clinical if child takes digoxin

A

arrythmias
hyperkalemias
Treat - activated charcol, ECG and digoxin

58
Q

Button batteries

A

mild GI symptoms , esophageal stricture , perforation release of MURCURY

59
Q

Treatment for Iron and clinical

A 
Toxicity - > 60mg/kg 
DESFERIOXAMINE for chealtation 
Clincial 
- Initial : 
- vomitting , diarhea, melena, heamatemsis , gastric ulceration 
LATER 
- drowsiness , shock , coma and liver F
60
Q

What happens if hild takes paracetomol

A

Gastric ulceration
liver failure 3-5 days

Treat - if > 150 mg/kg you want to give iV acelycystein

61
Q

Salicylates clinical and treatment

A

tinnitus, deafness, N+V and dehydration
1st Resp ALKALSION
2nd MED ACIDODID
Hypoglycemia

62
Q

alcohol

A

CLinical: hypoglycemia coma and rsp failure

monitor blood glucose IV glucose and blood levels

63
Q

when do you operate on hydrocele

A

if they persist past 18-24 months

PAEDS SC1 (13 decks)

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