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PAEDS SC1 > CV > Flashcards

CV Flashcards

1
Q

DDX systolic ejection murmur at LUSB

A

ASD (dif bc mid diastolic rumble)

Tetralogy

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2
Q

Syndromes a/w VSD

A

FAT DCT
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Alpert syndrome
Trisomy 13,18

Downs
Cri du chat
TORCH

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3
Q

Syndromes a/w ASD

A

Holt Oram syndrome
Downs
Fetal alcohol

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4
Q

Syndromes a/w PDA

A

Rubella

Preme

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5
Q

Syndromes aw Transposition of the Great Vessels

A

DiGeorge

Maternal diabetes

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6
Q

Syndromes aw tetralogy

A

Maternal PKU

DiGeorge

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7
Q

Syndrome aw coarctation

A

Turners

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8
Q

Aperts syndrome

A

Cranial

Fusion of fingers and toes

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9
Q

IEM associated with heart problems

A

Maternal PKU

Homocystinuria

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10
Q

Drugs aw CHD

A

LAPTA

Lithium
Amphetamines
Phenytoin
Thalidomide
Alcohol
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11
Q

Two CHD’s on LLSB

A

VSD

Truncus arteriosus

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12
Q

Dx VSD

A

ECHO- LVH
CXR- CM, increase pulmonary vascular markings
Hyperoxia test

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13
Q

Tx VSD

A

Small= SPONT

  • monitor
  • antibiotic prophylaxis

Sx
- symptomatic and failed med tx
-

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14
Q

Holt Oram syndrome

A

Absent radius
Heart block - 1st degree
ASD

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15
Q

PC ASD early childhood

A

OSTIUM PRIMUM

  • murmur
  • exertional fatigue
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16
Q

PC ASD late childhood/ early adulthood

A

OSTIUM secundum

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17
Q

Dx ASD

A

ECHO- colour flow Doppler- bw atria
ECG- RV dilation, RA, PR elongation
CXR- CM, increase pulmonary vascular markings

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18
Q

Tx ASD

A

90% = SPONTANEOUS

10% sx

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19
Q

Surgical tx ASD

A

CHF

2:1 pulmonary: systemic

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20
Q

Surgical tx VSD

A
  • symptomatic and failed medical tx

-

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21
Q

PC PDA

A

A symptomatic

LARGE:

  • CHF
  • SOB
  • FTT
  • recurrent LRTI

LL clubbing

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22
Q

Murmur VSD

A

Harsh holosysyolic LLSB

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23
Q

Murmur ASD

A

Systolic ejection LUSB and mid diastolic rumble

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24
Q

Murmur PDA

A

Continuous machine like murmur= infraclavicular

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25
Q

HY PDA

A

Murmur machine
Wide pulse pressure
Bounding peripheral pulses

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26
Q

Dx PDA

A

Colour flow
EVHO
ECG
CXR

( self explanatory)

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27
Q

Tx PDA

A

Indomethacin

Surgery

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28
Q

Surgery PDA

A
  • failed indo tx

- child > 6-8 months

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29
Q

PDA for survival

A
  • tetra
  • hypo L heart
  • transposition.
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30
Q

MCC cyanosis newborn

A

Transposition

31
Q

MCC cyanosis child

A

Tetralogy

32
Q

PC TRANSPOSITION.

A

SINGLE LOUD S2

CHF

Tachypnea/ hypox/ cyanosis

33
Q

Dx transposition

A

ECHO

CXR

34
Q

CXR transposition

A

Narrow heart base
Absence main pulmonary artery
Increase pul vasc marking

EGG ON A STRING HEART

35
Q

Tx transposition

A

Indomethacin

Balloon atrial septostomy

Sx- arterial or atrial switch

36
Q

PC tetralogy

A

Tet spells

CHF

FTT

mental status

37
Q

Murmur in transposition

A

VSD

38
Q

Murmur in tetralogy

A

SEM LUSB

39
Q

Dx tetra

A

ECHO
CXR
ECG- RVH, R axis deviation

40
Q

CXR TETRA

A

Boot shaped heart

DECREASE pul vasc markings

41
Q

Tx TETRA

A

PGE1

Tet spells: oxygen/ propanolol/ morphine/ knees - chest

Balloon atrial septostomy

Sx: blalock Tussig shunt

42
Q

Blalock Tussig Shunt

A

Sx tetra

Connect pulmonary artery to subclavian or carotid

— increasing blood to lungs

43
Q

PC coarct

A

ASYMPTO

HTN UL

  • epistaxis
  • headache
  • syncope

LL claudication
Weak femoral pulses
Radio femoral delay

44
Q

Murmur COarct

A

Intra scapular

Short systolic L axilla

45
Q

Dx coarct

A

ECHO colour flow
ECG
CXR

46
Q

CXR coarct

A

3 sign

Rib notching

47
Q

Tx coarct

A

PGE1

Sx or balloon ?

Monitor

  • re stenosis
  • aneurysm
  • dissection
48
Q

Truncus arteriosus

A

LARGE aw VSD

49
Q

TAPVR

A

Aw ASD

50
Q

CXR TAPVR

A

Snowman sign

51
Q

Dx TAPVR

A

Wet lung fields

Polycythemia

52
Q

Hypo L heart syndrome 4 things

A

Narrow or absent:

  • mitral valve
  • aortic valve
  • —> hypoplastic LV
  • ———–> AORTA:
  • coarct
  • small ascending
53
Q

4 CHD more common in boys

A
  • transposition
  • coarct
  • TAPVR
  • hypoplastic L heart
54
Q

Ebsteins anomaly

A

Malformed tricuspid valve
—> bulges into RV

(Atrialized RV)

Complications

  • tricuspid stenosis
  • tricuspid regurg
  • RV dysfunction
  • pulmonary stenosis
55
Q

HOCM a/w

A

friederichs ataxia
noonan syndrome
pompe disease
hurlers

56
Q

Vascular phenomena in IE Dukes Criteria

A
  • septic pulmonary infarcts
  • intracranial haemorrhage
  • janeway lesions
  • conjunctival injection
  • mycotic aneurysm
  • major artery emboli
57
Q

immunologic phenomena in IE Dukes criteria

A
  • roth spots
  • osler nodes
  • glomerulonephritis
  • Rheumatoid factor
58
Q

Dx SVT

A
  1. narrow QRS, 250-300bpm
  2. P wave after QRS
  3. severe heart failure= myocardial ischaemia, T wave inversion
  4. WPW
59
Q

Tx SVT

A
  1. caridopulmonary support
  2. vagal activation– COLD ICE PACK, carotid sinus massage
  3. IV adneosine
  4. direct cardioversion
  5. maintenance:
    - flecainide or sotalol
    - digoxin
    - propanolol
60
Q

Tx WPW

A
  • percutaneous radio”f” ablation

- cryoablation of accessory pathway

61
Q

most common childhood arrhythmia

A

SVT

62
Q

PC congenital heart block

A

MOST= ASYMPTOMATIC
hydrops
death in utero
heart failure

63
Q

Long QT PC

A

late adulthood,

LOC

64
Q

inheritance of long QT

A

AD

65
Q

LONG QT a/w

A
  • erythromycin
  • hypoK/Mg
  • head injury
66
Q

features of an innocent murmur

A 
soft
systolic
L sternal edge
asymptomatic
\+ postural and respiration
\+ localized
67
Q

types of innocent murmurs

A
  1. increase pulmonary artery flow murmur
  2. stills murmur
  3. venous hum
68
Q

increase pulmonary artery flow murmur

A

preme’s

resolves in 1 week

69
Q

stills murmur

A

mid LSB

turbulence across myocardial band of the LV

70
Q

venous hum

A

ULSB

NOT there when flat

71
Q

neonate causes of heart failure

A 
CISH
critical aortic stenosis
interruption of arch of aorta
severe AS
hypoplastic L heart
72
Q

infant causes of heart failure

A

3D’s
PDA
VSD
ASD

73
Q

childhood causes of heart failure/ adolescent

A

eisenmenger syndrome
rheumatic heart disease
cardiomyopathy

74
Q

side effects of prostaglandin

A 
flushing
vasodilation
hypotension
apnea
jitteriness
seizures

PAEDS SC1 (13 decks)

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