Mix & Flow of Matter Flashcards
Which of these is CORRECT:
- All substances are made of random particles.
- The particles have no spaces between them.
- The particles are always in motion. The speed of the particles decreases when the temperature increases.
- The particles in a substance are attracted to one another.
- The particles in a substance are attracted to one another.
Boiling is which change between states?
Liquid to Gas
Which states have a DEFINITE volume?
Solid and Liquid
Which substance has a DEFINITE volume but an INDEFINITE shape
Liquid
A Caesar salad is an example of what mixture?
Mechanical mixture
Define solvent and solute
solvent is what’s doing the dissolving, solute is what’s being dissolved.
Using your knowledge of the Particle Model of Matter, which option best explains how the rate of dissolving will be affected by temperature, surface area, and agitation?
- Increased temperature will cause dissolving to happen faster because the water molecules have more energy and are moving faster
- Increased surface area will cause dissolving to happen slower because the water molecules have less material to grab on to
- Increased agitation will cause dissolving to slow down because the water molecules aren’t able to properly tear the solute apart
- None of these explanations properly explain how dissolving will be affected.
Increased temperature will cause dissolving to happen faster because the water molecules have more energy and are moving faster
In which scenario would the rate of dissolving be the slowest?
- Sugar cubes placed in warm water, being stirred
- Granulated sugar placed in warm water being stirred
- Granulated sugar placed in hot water being stirred
- Sugar cubes placed in cold water, being stirred.
- Sugar cubes placed in cold water, being stirred.
What’s the main difference between homogenous and heterogenous mixtures?
Homogeneous are usually one thing dissolved in another, and heterogeneous can usually be separated or taken apart.
What makes some solutes dissolve in water?
The molecules of the water are more attracted to the particles of the solute than the particles of themselves
How does Fractional Distillation work?
Oil is heated to different temperatures, with each component of oil boiling off and being separated into different storage tanks.
Select the FALSE item in the list:
- Increased temperature will cause gases to flow faster
- Increased temperature will cause liquids to flow faster
- Lower temperatures will increase a liquid’s viscosity
- Lower temperatures will increase the flow rate of a gas.
Increased temperature will cause gases to flow faster
Select the fluid with the highest viscosity
- Vinegar
- Olive Oil
- Honey
- Syrup
- Honey
What scenario has the fastest flow rate?
Round particles with weak attraction
Define density.
The amount of particles in a certain space
In general, the states of matter follow which pattern for an increase in density?
Gases → Liquids → Solids
What effect would an increase in temperature have on the density of a substance?
It would decrease it
How is mass different from weight?
Mass is how much there is, and weight is the force of gravity pulling down
Define volume.
How much space something occupies
If substance A has a lower density that substance B…
Substance A should float on top of Substance B
When the amount of air in a fish’s swim bladder increases, what happens to the fish?
It rises closer to the surface.
Which factors or situations would decrease an object’s weight?
Lowering the force of gravity on that object
Which two values must be known in order to properly calculate density?
Mass and volume
What are the units for density in each state of matter?
In solids, density is measured in g/cm3
In liquids, density is measured g/ml
In gases, density is measured in g/cm3
What allows a metal ship to float on liquid water?
The metal’s average density is less than water
What is Average Density?
Average density is the total mass of all substances (including the steel the ship is made of and the air the hull is full of) in an object, divided by the total volume.
i.e. Ships can be built of steel (density = 9.0 g/cm3), as long as they have a large, hollow hull so that the ship’s average density is less than that of water (1.0 g/ml or 1.0 g/cm3).
What unit is Buoyancy measured in?
Newtons
According to Archimedes’ Principle, when two objects with different densities but the same volume are placed in water, the amount of water that they displace will be …
The Same
What is Archimedes principle?
The amount of water displaced by an object is the volume of the object.
What does SPASM stand for?
Particles of a pure substance are the SAME.
All substances are made up of tiny PARTICLES.
The particles in a substance are ATTRACTED to each other.
The particles have SPACE between them.
The particles of matter are always MOVING.
Or Same, Particles, Attracted, Space, Moving.
What is an ADVANTAGE of Average density?
Average density allows objects that would otherwise sink to float. It also allows floating objects to sink.
i.e.
most fish have an organ
called a swim bladder–a large sac
near the spine containing a mix of air and water. The fish releases air to sink and adds air to rise closer to the surface.
The technology used to make submarines imitates this mechanism.
