Mitral Stenosis and Regurgitation

Question 1

What is mitral stenosis ?

Answer 1

Narrow mitral valve so left atrium can not push blood to left ventricle

Question 2

What is mitral stenosis caused by?

Answer 2

-Rheumatic Heart Disease
-Infective Endocarditis

Question 3

What does mitral stenosis sound like?

Answer 3

-mid diastolic, low pitched rumbling
-loud S1

Question 4

What is mitral regurgitation?

Answer 4

• incompetent mitral valve allows blood to go back through during systolic contraction in left ventricle

Question 5

What does mitral regurgitation lead to?

Answer 5

• congestive heart failure

Question 6

What can you hear with a mitral regurgitation?

Answer 6

• pan-systolic, high pitched whistling as blood flows through leaky valve at high velocity
  -radiates to left axilla

Question 7

What is the cause of mitral regurgitation?

Answer 7

-Idiopathic weakening of the valve with age
-Ischaemic heart disease
-Infective Endocarditis
-Rheumatic Heart Disease
-Connective tissue disorders such as Ehlers Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome