mitral stenosis Flashcards
mitral stenosis definition
- incomplete opening of MV during diastole with thickened mitral leaflets
3 layers of MV
- fibrosa
- spongiosa
- atrialis
what does the fibrosa level provide in MV leaflets
- structural support and stiffness when valve is closed
what does the spongiosa layer in the MV provide
- flexibilty
what is the atrialis layer in the MV composed of
- endocardium cells which line entire atria
- smooth
t/f PML is double the length of the AML
false, posterior leaflet is half the length of the AML
which way are scallops labelled
- lateral to medial
- A1, A2, A3
- P1, P2, P3
which leaflet is more susceptible to MAC?
posterior
what is the chordae tendonae responsible for?
- anchoring valve
- maintaining geometry
- peventing prolapse during systole
- 120 little cords
rheumatic mv stenosis etiology
- starts @ leaflet tips
- result of inflammation followed by scarring
- same process as for rheumatic AS
- leads to fish mouth appearance
degenerative MAC etiology
- starts @ basal annulus(usually posterior)
- progresses inward to leaflets
congenital etiology
- involves subvalvular apparatus
- single pap (parachute valve)
- ASDs
pathophysiology of MS
- LA pressure rise
- increase PV pressure
- increase lung pressure
- increase pulmonary artery pressure
- RV pressure
- increase RA pressure
- TV annular dilation and TR
rheumatic MS 2D characteristics
- doming of anterior leaflet
- hockey stick
- thickening @ leaflet tips
- shortening of chordae
normal MV leaflet thickness
1-2mm
what is cor triatriatum sinister?
- LA membrane
- membrane impedes flow of blood from LA to LV
whats the most common primary tumors in the heart?
- myxoma
what happens with a parachute MV and what syndrome is associated with it?
- MV stenosis due to one pap muscle instead of 2
- pap too far superior in LV
- associated with Shones
when does aliasing occur during MV stenosis
- diastole
MV mean gradient values
mild, moderate, severe
<5
5-10
>10 mmHg
what is the pressure half time measurement used for?
- determines the time it takes for the early diastolic pressure gradient to fall to half of its original value
t/f MV area is inversely proportional to pressure half time?
true
MVA =
220%p1/2 time
normal MVA
severe MS values
4-6cm
<1cm
