Mitral Regurgitation Flashcards
1
Q
what is MR?
A
- backward flow from LV to LA during SYSTOLE through both isovolumic periods
2
Q
Etiology of MR
A
- leaflet abnormalities
- chordae abnormalities (120 cords, can become thick, elongated, misdeveloped)
3
Q
what is MV prolapse
A
- systolic bowing of belly of MV leaflets in systole to the LA
- > 2mm
4
Q
percentage of people with MVP
A
2-5%
5
Q
how many pap muscles are in the LV?
A
- 2
- posteromedial (1 CA)
- anterolateral (2 CA)
6
Q
what happens to the pap muscles if the LV is dilated or hypertrophic
A
- misalignment may occur
7
Q
what causes ischemic MR
A
- when an artery leading to the pap muscle becomes blocked, the wall is also affected, which causes dilation and abn tethering of chordae. Leads to MR
8
Q
symptoms of significant MR
A
- dypnea
- palpitations
- arrhythmias
- CHF
- cardiomegaly
- murmur @ apex
- AFIB
9
Q
what causes acute MR
A
- MI
- trauma
10
Q
what happens to the LA in acute MR
A
- the MR fills a normal sized LA because it hasn’t had time to compensate by dilation
- pressure increases
- EF increases
- volume overload
11
Q
what’s the role of echo in MR assessment?
A
- determine etiology of lesion
- assess LA size
- assess LV size % systolic function
- estimate severity of regurgitation
- estimate RVSP or other pulmonary pressures
12
Q
which way does a jet flow in regards to a prolapse leaflet?
A
- jet always flows opposite side to prolapse leaflet
13
Q
what happens on he M-mode trace with MVP?
A
- posterior displacement of the prolapsing leaflet in systole
14
Q
what is tented MV?
A
- occurs when LV has dilated
- increased depth from MV tips to annulus
- pap muscles are being pulled away from the MV as the LV expands
15
Q
what is more severe, small LA + large MR or large LA + large MR?
A
small LA + large MR (acute MR)
