Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiology > Mitral Regurgitation > Flashcards

Mitral Regurgitation Flashcards

1
Q

what does acute mitral regurgitation present with?

A
  • sudden onset pulmonary oedema
  • hypotension
  • cardiogenic shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the broad causes of acute mitral regurgitation?

A
  • ischaemic MR
  • non-ischaemic MR
  • prosthetic valve MR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

decribe ischaemic causes of acute mitral regurgitation

A

due to papillary muscle rupture secondary to MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

decribe non-ischaemic causes of acute mitral regurgitation

A

chordae tendineae rupture
* myxomatous disease (mitral prolapse)
* infective endocarditis
* rheumatic heart disease
* trauma
* spontaneous rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the prosthetic valve causes of acute mitral regurgitation

A
  • tissue valvelet rupture due to endocarditis, degeneration or calcification
  • paravalvular regurgitation due to infection or suture rupture
  • valve thrombus or infection causing impaired closure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the broad categories of causes of chronic mitral regurgitation?

A
  • leaflet related causes
  • chordae related causes
  • papillary muscle related causes
  • annular related causes
  • prosthesis related causes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

describe leaflet related causes of chronic mitral regurgitation

A
  • degenerative disease
  • rheumatic fever - presents typically in younger patients
  • infective endocarditis
  • systemic inflammatory disorder - e.g. SLE, scleroderma
  • connective tissue disorder - e.g. marfan’s, ehlers-danlos syndromes
  • congenital causes
  • hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • drug related damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

describe chordae related causes of chronic mitral regurgitation

A
  • myxomatous valve disease
  • trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe papillary muscle related causes of chronic mitral regurgitation

A
  • MI
  • dilated cardiomyopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe annular related causes of chronic mitral regurgitation

A
  • calcifcation - either due to rheumatic fever or age-related
  • diltation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe prosthesis causes of chronic mitral regurgitation

A
  • paravalvular leak
  • ring or strut fracture
  • leaflet deterioration in tissue valves
  • infective endocarditis
  • thrombus or pannus formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the complications of mitral regurgitation?

A
  • heart failure
  • thromboembolism secondary to AF
  • haemoptysis secondary to pulmonary hypertension
  • infective endocarditis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the typical presentation of chronic mitral regurgitation?

A

may be asymptomatic - until systolic dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension or AF
* atrial fibrillation
* fatigue
* exertional dyspnoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the typical presentation of acute mitral regurgitation?

A
  • shortness of breath
  • exertional dyspnoea
  • fatigue
  • weakness
    typically have pulmonary oedema, hypotension and signs of cardiogenic shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the auscultation in mitral regurgitation

A

pansystolic murmur
* loudest at the apex
* radiates to the axilla
* louder on expiration and on rolling to the left
* S1 may be quite or absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how would a patient in decompensated heart failure present?

A
  • bilateral lung crepitations
  • raised JVP
  • S3/S4
  • peripheral/sacral oedema
17
Q

how do you diagnose mitral regurgitation?

A

echocardiogram

18
Q

what are the ECG findings in mitral regurgitation?

A
  • p-mitrale (broad notched p wave due to left atrial enlargement)
  • right ventricular hypertrophy
  • right axis deviation
19
Q

how do you manage mitral regurgitation?

A
  • mitral valve repair (mitral valvuloplasty)
  • mitral valve replacement
20
Q

what is mitral valve prolapse?

A

abnormal buldging of one or both of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during ventricular systole

21
Q

how do you diagnose mitral valve prolapse?

A

echocardiogram - >2mm above the annular plane

22
Q

what conditions are associated with mitral valve prolapse?

A
  • marfan’s syndrome
  • ehlers-danlos
  • pseudoxanthoma imperfecta
  • oestogenesis imperfecta
  • turner’s syndrome
23
Q

what are the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse?

A
  • chest pain
  • palpitations
  • dyspnoea
  • exercise intolerance
  • dizziness
24
Q

what are the examination findings in mitral valve prolapse?

A
  • non-ejection click
  • mitral regurgitation murmur

cardiology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions