Hypertension Flashcards
what is stage 1 hypertension?
- BP >= 140/90
- HBPM average >=135/85
what is stage 2 hypertension?
- BP >= 160/100
- HBPM average >=150/95
what is stage 3 hypertension?
- systolic >= 180
- diastolic >=120
what dietary advise should be given to patients with hypertension?
- <6g/day of salt
- reduce caffeine
- stop smoking
- drink less
- eat a balanced diet
- exercise
what is the requirements to treat stage 1 hypertension?
<80 years old AND any of the following:
* target organ damage
* established cardiovascular disease
* renal disease
* diabetes
* 10-year cardiovascular risk >=10%
hypertension treatment
patient <55 years old or T2DM
ACEi (e.g. rampiril)
or
Angiotensin receptor blocker (e.g. losartan)
ARBs should be used where ACEi are not tolerated (e.g. cough)
hypertension treatment
patient >=55 years old or african ethnicity
Calcium channel blocker
e.g. nifedipine
hypertension treatment
hypertension not controlled on ACE or ARB
add in:
Calcium channel blocker (e.g. nifedipine)
or
thiazide-like Diuretic (e.g. bendroflumethiazide or indapemide)
hypertension treatment
hypertension not controlled on calcium channel blocker monotherapy
add in:
ACEi (e.g. rampiril)
or
ARB (e.g. losartan)
or
thiazide-like Diuretic (e.g. bendroflumethiazide)
hypertension treatment
for patients of african ethnicity with hypertension not controlled with calcium channel blocker alone, what is perferred between ACEi or ARB?
ARB
hypertension treatment
how do you manage hypertension that is not controlled on dual therapy?
add in what they dont have
* thiazide-like diuretic
* calcium-channel blocker
A + C + D
what is resistant hypertension?
hypertension not controlled on 3 medications
hypertension treatment
potassium < 4.5 mmol/l
step 4
add low-dose spironolactone
hypertension treatment
potassium > 4.5 mmol/l
step 4
add alpha- or beta- blocker
what are the target clinic BP for patient <80?
140/90
what is the flow chart for hypertension management?
