mitosis + meiosis + cell cycle

Question 1

name the 4 phases of cell cycle

Answer 1

g1, synthesis, g2,m (mitosis)

Question 2

which phase does the cells size increase

Answer 2

g1

Question 3

which phase does the number of cells increase

Answer 3

m, they split

Question 4

what is cancer

Answer 4

uncontrolled growth of cells, something in the cycle goes wrong (skips the growth part of the cycle)

Question 5

which phase takes the longest

Answer 5

g1 (11 hours)

Question 6

how can mistakes affect phase g1

Answer 6

no growth - no more cells can be made

Question 7

how can mistakes affect phase s (synthesis)

Answer 7

cells won’t bond together

Question 8

how can mistakes affect phase g2

Answer 8

there could be problems during mitosis

Question 9

how can mistakes affect phase m (mitosis)

Answer 9

no other cells will be made

Question 10

how can mistakes affect phase g0

Answer 10

bad, damaged cells will keep producing

Question 11

describe interphase

Answer 11

dna has replicated, chromatin, membrane in tact

Question 12

describe prophase

Answer 12

dna has shortened to condense into chromosomes, nuclear membrane and nucleolus not visible

Question 13

describe metaphase

Answer 13

fibers attach to the centromeres of chromosomes, they align at metaphase plate

Question 14

describe anaphase

Answer 14

spindle fibers shorten and centromere, separated sister chromatids,startsbeingpulled along

Question 15

describe telophase

Answer 15

chromosomes reach the poles, spindle fibers descend

Question 16

describe cytokinesis

Answer 16

last stage of mitosis, splits in half, furrows form, identical to parent cell

Question 17

which phase of the cell cycle is the longest

Answer 17

interphase

Question 18

which phase of the cell cycle is the shortest

Answer 18

telophase/cytokinesis

Question 19

how many divisions of the cell and nucleus are in meiosis

Answer 19

2

Question 20

what event takes place during interphase

Answer 20

growth and preparation for future stages

Question 21

what two structures make up a single replicated chromosome

Answer 21

sister chromatids

Question 22

when chromosomes forms a pair, what are they called?

Answer 22

tetrad

Question 23

what stages of meiosis are haploid?

Answer 23

telophase 1

Question 24

what stages of meiosis are diploid

Answer 24

metaphase 1 prophase anaphase

Question 25

in meiosis 1 what structures separate during anaphase 1

Answer 25

homologous chromosomes

Question 26

in meiosis 2 which structures separate during anaphase 2

Answer 26

sister chromatids

Question 27

describe the cells at the end of meiosis 2

Answer 27

the cells have one copy of half of the genetic info in the original cell

Question 28

what is the name given to the cells produced at the end of meiosis 1 in males

Answer 28

secondary spermatocyte

Question 29

what is the name given to the cells produced at the end of meiosis 1 in females

Answer 29

oocyte

Question 30

at the end of meiosis in males, what cells are produced

Answer 30

spermatids

Question 31

what do spermatids eventually become

Answer 31

mature sperm

Question 32

what ploidy is a zygote

Answer 32

diploid

Question 33

what are the points called where the homologous pairs crossover

Answer 33

chiasma

Question 34

what phrase is used to describe the chromatids after crossing over takes place and the homologous pairs separate

Answer 34

recombinant chromatids

Question 35

homologous chromosomes def.

Answer 35

pairs of chromosomes, same size and shape and carry the same genes. (may carry different versions of genes called alleles)

Question 36

where does meiosis go on

Answer 36

testes and ovaries - animals anthers and ovules - floweing plants

Question 37

diploid v haploid

Answer 37

diploid cells (2n) carry two copies of each chromosome, haploid cells (n) carry one copy of each chromosome, human diploid cells have 46 chromosomes; haploid cells (gametes) have 23

Question 38

describe 1st meiotic division

Answer 38

homologous chromosomes pair up to form bivalents...tetrads, homologous chromosomes swap portions of chromatid at the chiasmata, homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase 1

Question 39

describe 2nd meiotic division

Answer 39

4 cells produced at the end of telophase 2 (haploid gametes)

Question 40

meiosis 1 - interphase

Answer 40

dna is replicated, each chromosome duplicates to become 2 sister chromatids, but hey are loosley coiled tonot visible yet

Question 41

meiosis 1 - phrophase 1

Answer 41

nuclear envelope disintegrates, chromosomes start to become visible because the coil, shorten and thicken (condense), centrioles begin to make spindle fibres to move the chromosomes around, homologous pair up to form tetrads, they cross over

Question 42

meiosis 1 - metaphase 1

Answer 42

tetrads move to the centre of the cell along protein tubules called spindle fibers, they line up on the equator of the spindle fibres

Question 43

meiosis 1 - anaphase 1

Answer 43

spindle fibers contract and pull the chromosome pairs apart

Question 44

meiosis 1 - telophase 1

Answer 44

chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell, the cell divides into 2

Question 45

meiosis 2 - prophase 2

Answer 45

chromosomes relax then condense again, a second set of spindle fibers forms at right angles to the spindle fibers in the first division

Question 46

meiosis 2 - metaphase 2

Answer 46

chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle fibers

Question 47

meiosis 2 - anaphase 2

Answer 47

spindle fibers contract, centromeres split, and chromatids are pulled apart

Question 48

meiosis 2 - telophase 2

Answer 48

chromosomes arrive at the poles of each cell, each cell divides into 2, four sex cells (gametes) are made

Question 49

describe binary fission

Answer 49

cells grow to double their size and divide to form two cells

Question 50

describe cellular differentiation

Answer 50

when a cell matures and develops, the unspecialized cells become specialized to execute a specific function (blood cells,skin cells, wtc.)

Question 51

are cells identical after mitosis

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

are cells identical after meiosis

Answer 52

no (goes from 46 to 23)

Question 53

what does crossing over increase

Answer 53

genetic variance

Question 54

yayy

Answer 54

yayy