cells Flashcards
What is the tail like structure and what is its purpose
flagellum,move faster
define a prokaryotic cell
a cell without a nucleus
define a eukaryotic cell
a cell with a nucleus
what structures do bacterial cells not have
mitochondria, nucleolus, nucleus
what structures do animal cells not have
cell wall,chloroplast
what is cell theory
- all living things are made of cells 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function 3.new cells come from pre-exsisting cells
vacuole function
storage/ containing waste products
mitochondria function
cellular respiration (makes energy)
cytoplasm function
transport genetic information/ hold organelles in place
nucleus function
carrys dna/ controls genetic info
ribosomes function
make protein
golgi bodies function
packing and secretion of protein/ makes ribosomes
cell membrane function
controls what comes in and out of the cell/ protects the cell
cell wall function
provides strength and protection
chloroplast function
produces energy for photosynthesis
lysosome function
digesting chemicals
what does homeostasis do
creates balance
what does selectively permeable size limit allow
some materials in and out but not others (small things go in)
things that move into the cell
monosaccharides, amino acids, oxygen
things that move out of the cell
carbon dioxide, water
things that can not move in OR out
polysaccharides/starches or some lipids (too big)
what is the phospholipid bilayer
membrane made of lipids and phosphates that is two layers thick
describe protein receptors
receptors are specific,may bond with hormones,neurotransmitters, other chemicals (depends on the cell)
describe transport proteins
allows materials like amino acids and simple sugars to pass through them
describe cell markers
provides identification for a cellso white blood cells knows that the cell belongs in the body
describe structural proteins
helps keep membrane together
describe how the cell wall and cell membrane are different
The cell wall is only in PLANT CELLS and provides structure and protection but the cell membrane is in the plant cell AND animal cell and controls what comes in and out
how does a cell get materials through the mebrane
with passive transport - moves from high to low concentrations across the membrane, with active transport - can move any direction across the membrane but requires energy to work
describe endocytosis
requires energy, (like cells eating), when white blood cells eat pathogens (invaders)
describe exocytosis
requires energy, (like cells throwing up), releasing proteins packaged by the golgi bodies
define diffusion
movement of substances from high to low concentration
is diffusion passive or active transport
passive
what does cell survival depend on
balancing water uptake and water loss
what is it called when the cell is able to respond to changes
dynamic equilibrium
describe the steps of cellular communication
- sending the chemical signal 2. receiving the signal at the targets cell outer membrane receptor 3.relaying the signal into the target cells interiors 4. changing the target cells behavior, responding to the signal
define neurons
specialized cells that can send signals quickly but only over short distances.
define neurotransmitters
the chemicals that send signals across short spaces
